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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2020) | Viewed by 22545

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Miguel Algueró

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Guest Editor

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: multiferroic and ferroelectric materials for information technologies, covering all single-phase and composites, ceramics and thin films, processing and properties; mechanosynthesis, sol–gel, templated grain growth, spark plasma sintering, of electrical, mechanical, electromechanical and magnetoelectric properties, nanostructuring and size effects in the nanoscale

Prof. Liliana Mitoseriu

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Physics, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza from Iasi, Iasi, Romania
Interests: dielectrics; ferroelectrics and multiferroic oxide ceramics; single-phase and multi-phase composites: processing and functional properties; grain size and grain boundary driven properties; BaTiO3-based solid solutions; multiscale modeling of electric and magnetic properties

Dr. Harvey Amorín

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Guest Editor

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Interests: advanced processing and properties of knowledge-based materials: multiferroics, magnetoelectrics, ferroelectrics, piezoelectrics; single-phase perovskite oxides, new solid solutions, and morphotropic phase boundary (MPB); composites including all-oxide materials, metal alloy-oxide, and polymer-oxides; material nanostructuring and size effects, mechanosynthesis, and spark plasma sintering; sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Magnetoelectrics are key enabling materials for a range of proposed related technologies that exploit their ability to develop an electric polarization in response to a magnetic field, and conversely of a magnetization in response to an electric one. Examples are electrically-tunable magnetic devices for microwave communications, high-sensitivity magnetic-field sensors with room-temperature operation, and energy harvesters, to name a few. The most promising materials and those closest to enabling the technologies are two-phase materials combining ferroelectrics and ferromagnets. The largest effective room-temperature magnetoelectric coefficients have been obtained for composites of elastically-coupled high-sensitivity piezoelectric and magnetostrictive components. Different piezoresponsive phases and connectivity schemes are under consideration, but mostly ferroelectric oxides and polymers have been used as piezoelectrics, while magnetic metal alloys and oxides are the choice for magnetostrictive components. All 0–3, 1–3, and 2–2 composite configurations are being extensively explored for different applications, and good quality particulate, fiber-type, and laminate composites have been reported. This Special Issue aims at putting together recent advancements in processing, understanding, applications, and novel materials, and finally aims to outline some future technological and scientific challenges in the field of magnetoelectric composites. Contributions on all types of composites, both bulk and film, either experimental or theoretical studies as well as potential technical implementations are welcomed.

Dr. Miguel Algueró
Prof. Liliana Mitoseriu
Dr. Harvey Amorín
Guest Editors

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Keywords

ceramic technologies
thin film technologies
polymer technologies
microstructural design
interface phenomena
advanced processing
property characterization
device demonstration
ferroics and multiferroics
piezoelectrics and magnetostrictive materials

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Glance at Processing-Microstructure-Property Relationships for Magnetoelectric Particulate PZT-CFO Composites

by Pietro Galizia, Carlo Baldisserri, Elisa Mercadelli, Claudio Capiani, Carmen Galassi and Miguel Algueró

Materials 2020, 13(11), 2592; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112592 - 6 Jun 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2553

Abstract

In this work, we investigated the processing-microstructure-property relationships for magnetoelectric (ME) particulate composites consisting of hard ferromagnetic CoFe₂O₄ (CFO) particles dispersed in a Nb-doped PbZr_xTi_1-xO₃ (PZT) soft ferroelectric matrix. Several preparation steps, namely PZT powder calcination, PZT-CFO mixture milling and composite sintering were tailored and a range of microstructures was obtained. These included open and closed porosities up to full densification, PZT matrices with decreasing grain size across the submicron range down to the nanoscale and well dispersed CFO particles with bimodal size distributions consisting of submicron and micron sized components with varying weights. All samples could be poled under a fixed DC electric field of 4 kV/mm and the dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic coefficients were obtained and are discussed in relation to the microstructure. Remarkably, materials with nanostructured PZT matrices and open porosity showed piezoelectric charge coefficients comparable with fully dense composites with coarsened microstructure and larger voltage coefficients. Besides, the piezoelectric response of dense materials increased with the size of the CFO particles. This suggests a role of the conductive magnetic inclusions in promoting poling. Magnetoelectric coefficients were obtained and are discussed in relation to densification, piezoelectric matrix microstructure and particle size of the magnetic component. The largest magnetoelectric coefficient α₃₃ of 1.37 mV cm⁻¹ Oe⁻¹ was obtained for submicron sized CFO particles, when closed porosity was reached, even if PZT grain size remained in the nanoscale. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetoelectric Composites)

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18 pages, 9477 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spin Coating and Micro-Patterning Optimization of Composite Thin Films Based on PVDF

by Anh Ngoc Nguyen, Jeanne Solard, Huyen Thi Thanh Nong, Chirine Ben Osman, Andres Gomez, Valérie Bockelée, Sylvie Tencé-Girault, Frédéric Schoenstein, Maite Simón-Sorbed, Anna Esther Carrillo and Silvana Mercone

Materials 2020, 13(6), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061342 - 16 Mar 2020

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 6521

Abstract

We optimize the elaboration of very thin film of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer presenting a well-controlled thickness, roughness, and nano-inclusions amount. We focused our effort on the spin coating elaboration technique which is easy to transfer to an industrial process. We show that it is possible to obtain continuous and smooth thin films with mean thicknesses of 90 nm by properly adjusting the concentration and the viscosity of the PVDF solution as well as the spin rate and the substrate temperature of the elaboration process. The electro-active phase content versus the magnetic and structural properties of the composite films is reported and fully discussed. Last but not least, micro-patterning optical lithography combined with plasma etching has been used to obtain well-defined one-dimensional micro-stripes as well as squared-rings, demonstrating the easy-to-transfer silicon technology to polymer-based devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetoelectric Composites)

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12 pages, 2522 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Direct Magnetoelectric Effect in a Sandwich Structure of PZT and Magnetostrictive Amorphous Microwires

by Abdulkarim Amirov, Irina Baraban, Larissa Panina and Valeria Rodionova

Materials 2020, 13(4), 916; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040916 - 19 Feb 2020

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3183

Abstract

The magnetoelectric (ME) response in a trilayer structure consisting of magnetostrictive Fe_77.5B₁₅Si_17.5 amorphous microwires between two piezoelectric PZT (PbZr_0.53Ti_0.47O₃) layers was investigated. Soft magnetic properties of wires make it possible to operate under weak bias magnetic fields below 400 A/m. Enhanced ME voltage coefficients were found when the microwires were excited by ac magnetic field of a frequency of 50–60 kHz, which corresponded to the frequency of electromechanical resonance. The as-prepared microwires were in a glass coat creating a large thermoelastic stress and forming a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. The effect of glass-coat removal and wire annealing on ME coupling was investigated. The glass coat not only affects the wire magnetic structure but also prevents the interfacial bonding between the electric and magnetic subsystems. However, after its removal, the ME coefficient increased slightly less than 10%. Refining the micromagnetic structure and increasing the magnetostriction by stress release during wire annealing (before or after glass removal) strongly increases the ME response up to 100 mV/(cm × Oe) and reduces the characteristic DC magnetic field down to 240 A/m. Although the achieved ME coefficient is smaller than reported values for multilayered films with layers of PZT and soft magnetic alloys as Metglass, the proposed system is promising considering a small volume proportion of microwires. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetoelectric Composites)

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16 pages, 2161 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selection and Optimization of a K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃-Based Material for Environmentally-Friendly Magnetoelectric Composites

by Michel Venet, Washington Santa-Rosa, Paulo Sergio da Silva, Jr., Jean-Claude M’Peko, Pablo Ramos, Harvey Amorín and Miguel Algueró

Materials 2020, 13(3), 731; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030731 - 5 Feb 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2836

Abstract

Li- and Ta-modified K

_{0.5}

_{0.5}

NbO

_{3}

compounds are among the most promising lead-free ferroelectrics for high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic materials, and are potentially capable of replacing Pb(Zr,Ti)O

_{3}

. They are also being investigated as piezoelectric components in environmentally friendly magnetoelectric [...] Read more.

Li- and Ta-modified K

_{0.5}

_{0.5}

NbO

_{3}

compounds are among the most promising lead-free ferroelectrics for high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic materials, and are potentially capable of replacing Pb(Zr,Ti)O

_{3}

. They are also being investigated as piezoelectric components in environmentally friendly magnetoelectric composites. However, most suitable modifications for this application have not been identified. We report here a simulation study of how the magnetoelectric voltage responses of layered composite structures based on Li

_{x}

_{0.5}

_{0.5}

)

_{1 - x}

_{1 - y}

_{y}

_{3}

varies with the chemical composition of the piezoelectric. Instead of relying on material coefficients from the literature, which would have required using different sources, an ad hoc set of materials was prepared. This demanded tailoring preparation by conventional means to obtain dense ceramics while controlling alkali volatilization, perovskite phase and microstructure, as well as characterizing their dielectric, elastic and electromechanical properties. This provided the set of relevant material coefficients as a function of composition, which was used to obtain the magnetoelectric responses of model layered structures including a reference magnetostrictive spinel oxide by simulation. The piezoelectric material leading to the highest magnetoelectric coefficient was identified, and shown to be different to that showing the highest piezoelectric coefficient. This reflects the dependence of the magnetoelectric response on all material coefficients, along with the complex interplay between composition, processing and properties in K

_{0.5}

_{0.5}

NbO

_{3}

-based ceramics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetoelectric Composites)

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Graphical abstract

14 pages, 3220 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Magnetoelectric Coupling in BaTiO₃-BiFeO₃ Multilayers—An Interface Effect

by Stefan Hohenberger, Johanna K. Jochum, Margriet J. Van Bael, Kristiaan Temst, Christian Patzig, Thomas Höche, Marius Grundmann and Michael Lorenz

Materials 2020, 13(1), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010197 - 2 Jan 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4000

Abstract

Combining various (multi-)ferroic materials into heterostructures is a promising route to enhance their inherent properties, such as the magnetoelectric coupling in BiFeO₃ thin films. We have previously reported on the up-to-tenfold increase of the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient

α_{ME}

in BaTiO₃ [...] Read more.

α_{ME}

in BaTiO₃-BiFeO₃ multilayers relative to BiFeO₃ single layers. Unraveling the origin and mechanism of this enhanced effect is a prerequisite to designing new materials for the application of magnetoelectric devices. By careful variations in the multilayer design we now present an evaluation of the influences of the BaTiO₃-BiFeO₃ thickness ratio, oxygen pressure during deposition, and double layer thickness. Our findings suggest an interface driven effect at the core of the magnetoelectric coupling effect in our multilayers superimposed on the inherent magnetoelectric coupling of BiFeO₃ thin films, which leads to a giant

α_{ME}

coefficient of 480

V

c

m

^{- 1}

^{- 1}

for a

16 \times

(BaTiO₃-BiFeO₃) superlattice with a

4.8

nm double layer periodicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetoelectric Composites)

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9 pages, 873 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling of a Magnetoelectric Laminate Ring Using Generalized Hamilton’s Principle

by Ru Zhang, Shengyao Zhang, Yucheng Xu, Lianying Zhou, Futi Liu and Xunqian Xu

Materials 2019, 12(9), 1442; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091442 - 3 May 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2516

Abstract

The mathematical modeling of the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in ME laminates has been established for some simple structures. However, these methods, which are based on the differential equation approach, are difficult to use in other complex structures (e.g., ring structures). In this work, a new established approach based on the generalized Hamilton’s principle is used to analyze the ME effect in an ME laminated ring. Analytical expressions for ME voltage coefficients are derived. A comparison with the conventional method indicates that this approach is more convenient when the modeling analysis is performed on complex structures. Further, experimental data are also obtained to compare with the theoretical calculations in order to validate the new approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetoelectric Composites)

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