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Advanced Science and Technology of High Entropy Materials
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Advanced Science and Technology of High Entropy Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 5176

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hui Jiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
Interests: high entropy alloy; eutectic; mechanical properties; corrosion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tianxin Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
Interests: high entropy alloy; CALPHAD; alloy design; microstructure

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is focused on recent developments in the field, as well as the most recent advances in high-entropy alloys—their synthesis, characterization, structures, properties and applications. High-entropy alloys have revolutionized the design of traditional alloys and offer a new paradigm for designing metallic alloys with salient properties. Recently, high-entropy alloys have increasingly become the focus of researchers due to their excellent properties, such as their high strength, ductility and corrosion and creep resistance. The main determinants of the future success of high-entropy alloys are further improvements of existing and the development of novel high-entropy alloys. The properties of high-entropy alloys are mainly based on their structure, from the atomic to the microstructure scale.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in high-entropy alloys, including their synthesis, characterization and applications. We welcome contributions related to topics such as the following:

  • High-entropy alloy composites for improved mechanical performance;
  • The application of high-entropy alloys;
  • The design and preparation of high-entropy alloys;
  • The microstructure characterization of high-entropy alloys;
  • Theoretical studies on the mechanical or functional performance of high-entropy alloys.

We hope that this Special Issue will stimulate further research in the field of high-entropy alloys and promote their practical application.

Dr. Hui Jiang
Dr. Tianxin Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high-entropy alloys
  • characterization
  • microstructure
  • strength
  • ductility
  • hard
  • wear
  • corrosion
  • physical properties

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4423 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Energy Storage Properties of the Relaxor and Antiferroelectric Crossover Ceramic Enabled by a High Entropy Design
by Yinghao Li, Wei Xiong, Xuefan Zhou, Hang Luo, Ru Guo and Dou Zhang
Materials 2025, 18(9), 1937; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18091937 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 154
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a high entropy effect in designing a relaxor ferroelectric (RFE)–antiferroelectric (AFE) crossover ceramic by incorporating a high entropy relaxor-like oxide (Pb0.25Ba0.25Sr0.25Ca0.25)TiO3 with antiferroelectric NaNbO3. The results show [...] Read more.
In this work, we introduce a high entropy effect in designing a relaxor ferroelectric (RFE)–antiferroelectric (AFE) crossover ceramic by incorporating a high entropy relaxor-like oxide (Pb0.25Ba0.25Sr0.25Ca0.25)TiO3 with antiferroelectric NaNbO3. The results show that the relaxor ferroelectricity of the system is enhanced with increasing NaNbO3, and when the new composition reaches the highest configurational entropy, stable energy storage properties can be achieved. This is enabled by a high breakdown strength due to the small grain size and stable slim ferroelectric hysteresis loop with high efficiency due to entropy-stabilized short-range ordered polar nanoregions (PNRs). These findings showcase the potential of this strategy for exploiting new compositions of high-performance electrostatic capacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of High Entropy Materials)
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15 pages, 14739 KiB  
Article
Titanium Oxide Formation in TiCoCrFeMn High-Entropy Alloys
by Dominika Przygucka, Adelajda Polkowska, Wojciech Polkowski, Krzysztof Karczewski and Stanisław Jóźwiak
Materials 2025, 18(2), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020412 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 678
Abstract
High-entropy materials, characterized by complex chemical compositions, are difficult to identify and describe structurally. These problems are encountered at the composition design stage when choosing an effective method for predicting the final phase structure of the alloy, which affects its functional properties. In [...] Read more.
High-entropy materials, characterized by complex chemical compositions, are difficult to identify and describe structurally. These problems are encountered at the composition design stage when choosing an effective method for predicting the final phase structure of the alloy, which affects its functional properties. In this work, the effects of introducing oxide precipitates into the matrix of a high-entropy TiCoCrFeMn alloy to strengthen ceramic particles were studied. The particles were introduced by the ex situ method, such as TiO2 in the form of anatase, and by the in situ method, consisting of the reconstruction of CuO into TiO2. In both cases, it was assumed that after the homogenization process, carried out at 1000 °C, ceramic precipitates in the rutile phase, commonly considered a stable allotropic form of TiO2, would be obtained. However, the microscopic observations and XRD analyses, supported by EDS chemical composition microanalysis and EBSD backscattered electron diffraction, clearly revealed that, regardless of the method of introducing oxides, the final strengthening phase obtained was a mixture of TiO2 in the form of anatase with the Magnelli phase of Ti2O3. In this work, phase reconstruction in the Ti-O system was analyzed using changes in the Gibbs free energy of the identified oxide phases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of High Entropy Materials)
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18 pages, 14601 KiB  
Article
Creep Properties and Corrosion Behavior of TP347H Stainless Steel with Al in Molten Carbonate Salt
by Qian Meng, Lin Lai, Wan Rao, An Li, Haicun Yu and Peiqing La
Materials 2024, 17(24), 6108; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246108 - 13 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 714
Abstract
Molten carbonate salts are a promising candidate for next-generation concentrated solar power technology owing to their excellent heat storage and heat transfer properties. This represents overcoming several problems that structural materials exhibit, including severe corrosion and high-temperature creep. Alloys with an aluminum element [...] Read more.
Molten carbonate salts are a promising candidate for next-generation concentrated solar power technology owing to their excellent heat storage and heat transfer properties. This represents overcoming several problems that structural materials exhibit, including severe corrosion and high-temperature creep. Alloys with an aluminum element are alternatives in this regard as they are highly resistant to corrosive environments. In this paper, the corrosion behavior in molten carbonates (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3) and creep properties of TP347H with different aluminum contents at 650 °C were studied. The results demonstrated that the alloy corrosion rate was reduced via Al addition. The alloy with 2.5 wt.% Al exhibited the lowest corrosion rate: ~25% lower than that without Al after 1000 h of corrosion. With increasing Al content, the inner corrosion layer of the alloys transformed from a Cr-containing oxide layer to a Cr–Al-containing composite oxide layer. The addition of Al promoted the formation of a layer of continuous and dense LiFeO2 product on the alloy surface during early corrosion stages, which prevented the carbonate from coming into direct contact with the substrate. After 1000 h of corrosion, the surface of the alloy is mainly composed of LiFeO2 and LiCrO2. Compared to TP347H, the added Al element enhanced the strength and elongation of TP347H at 650 °C. The TP347H containing 2 wt.% Al exhibited the best high-temperature tensile properties. When the stress was 110 MPa, the lowest steady-state creep rate of the alloy containing 2 wt.% Al was 3.61 × 10−6, and the true stress index was 5.791. This indicates that the creep mechanism was a dislocation climb assisted by lattice diffusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of High Entropy Materials)
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15 pages, 6321 KiB  
Article
Production and Characterization of Fine-Grained Multielement AlCoxCrFeNi (x = 1, 0.75, 0.5) Alloys for High-Temperature Applications
by Khaja Naib Rasool Shaik, Mauro Bortolotti, Iñaki Leizaola, Miguel Angel Lagos Gomez and Cinzia Menapace
Materials 2024, 17(19), 4897; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17194897 - 6 Oct 2024
Viewed by 898
Abstract
In the present work, three different AlCoxCrFeNi (x = 1, 0.75, 0.5) alloys were produced through the mechanical milling of powders and spark plasma sintering. These alloys were characterized in terms of their microstructural, mechanical, and oxidation behaviors. Mechanical milling and spark plasma [...] Read more.
In the present work, three different AlCoxCrFeNi (x = 1, 0.75, 0.5) alloys were produced through the mechanical milling of powders and spark plasma sintering. These alloys were characterized in terms of their microstructural, mechanical, and oxidation behaviors. Mechanical milling and spark plasma sintering were chosen to achieve a fine and homogeneous microstructure. Pore-free samples were produced by properly setting the sintering parameters. The unavoidable uptake of oxygen from the powders when exposed to air after milling was advantageously used as a source of oxides, which acted as reinforcing particles in the alloy. Oxidation behavior, studied through TGA tests, showed that decreasing the Co content promotes better oxidation protection due to the formation of a dense, compact Al2O3 layer. The alloy containing the lowest amount of Co is considered a good candidate for high-temperature structural applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of High Entropy Materials)
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15 pages, 7008 KiB  
Article
Radiation Resistance of High-Entropy Alloys CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi, Sequentially Irradiated with Kr and He Ions
by Bauyrzhan Amanzhulov, Igor Ivanov, Vladimir Uglov, Sergey Zlotski, Azamat Ryskulov, Alisher Kurakhmedov, Asset Sapar, Yerulan Ungarbayev, Mikhail Koloberdin and Maxim Zdorovets
Materials 2024, 17(19), 4751; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17194751 - 27 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1106
Abstract
This work studied the effect of sequential irradiation by krypton and helium ions at room temperature on the composition and structure of CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Irradiation of the HEAs by 280 keV Kr14+ ions up to a fluence of [...] Read more.
This work studied the effect of sequential irradiation by krypton and helium ions at room temperature on the composition and structure of CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Irradiation of the HEAs by 280 keV Kr14+ ions up to a fluence of 5 × 1015 cm–2 and 40 keV He2+ ions up to a fluence of 2 × 1017 cm–2 did not alter their elemental distribution and constituent phases. Blisters formed on the nickel surface after sequential irradiation, where large blisters had an average diameter of 3.8 μm. The lattice parameter of the (Co, Cr, Fe and Ni) and (Co, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni) solid solutions increased by 0.17% and 0.37% after sequential irradiation, respectively. Irradiation by Kr ions led to a decrease in tensile macrostresses in the HEAs in the region of krypton ion implantation (Region I) and the formation of compressive macrostresses in the region behind the peak of implanted krypton (Region II). Sequential irradiation formed large compressive stresses in Ni and HEAs equal to −131.5 MPa, −300 MPa and −613.5 MPa in Ni, CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi, respectively, in the Region II. Irradiation by krypton ions decreased the dislocation density by 1.6–2.3 times, and irradiation with helium ions increased it by 11–15 times relative to unirradiated samples for CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi, respectively. Sequentially irradiated CoCrFeMnNi HEA had higher macrostresses and dislocation density than CoCrFeNi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of High Entropy Materials)
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11 pages, 11934 KiB  
Article
Effect of Alloying on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy
by Xue-Yao Tian, Hong-Liang Zhang, Zhi-Sheng Nong, Xue Cui, Ze-Hao Gu, Teng Liu, Hong-Mei Li and Eshkuvat Arzikulov
Materials 2024, 17(18), 4471; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184471 - 12 Sep 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1294
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of alloying on the microstructures and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 at.% V, Mo, and B were added to the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloy in this work. The effects of [...] Read more.
In order to explore the effect of alloying on the microstructures and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 at.% V, Mo, and B were added to the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloy in this work. The effects of the elements and contents on the phase composition, microstructures, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the crystal structures of the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs remained unchanged, and the alloys were still composed of FCC and BCC structures, whose content varied with the addition of alloying elements. After alloying, the aggregation of Co, Cr, Al, and Ni elements remained unchanged, and the V and Mo were distributed in both dendritic and interdendritic phases. The tensile strengths of the alloys all exceeded 1000 MPa when the V and Mo elements were added, and the Mo0.2 alloy had the highest tensile strength, of 1346.3 MPa, and fracture elongation, of 24.6%. The alloys with the addition of V and Mo elements showed a mixed ductile and brittle fracture, while the B-containing alloy presented a cleavage fracture. The fracture mechanism of Mo0.2 alloy is mainly crack propagation in the BCC lamellae, and the FCC dendritic lamellae exhibit the characteristics of plastic deformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of High Entropy Materials)
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