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Titania-Based Materials for Medical Applications

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 15386

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Piotr Piszczek

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
Interests: nanotechnologies; titanium and titania-based biomaterial; coordination compounds; structural studies and spectral characterization; medical applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Aleksandra Radtke

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
Interests: titania; nanomaterials; nanocoatings; implants; hydroxyapatite; photodegradation; biointegration; biological activity; CVD; ALD
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Intense works related to searching for new biomaterials and improvements of currently used ones are the response to the modern medicine demand for materials with new physicochemical and mechanical properties as well as with appropriate bioactivity. Such materials can be used in designing and construction of devices for various fields of modern medicine. Titania based-materials, which in addition to their beneficial mechanical properties are characterized by high biocompatibility, are an important group of biomaterials. These types of materials can be used to modify titanium or titanium alloys medical devices surface, e.g., implants used in orthopedic, dentistry, maxilla-facial, and spine surgery. The preparation of ceramic titanium materials with high chemical purity, characterized by specific physical and mechanical properties, is an interesting issue. The strictly defined nano- or microarchitecture of these materials allows their enrichment in anti-inflammatory agents, which can be gradually released, e.g., after a surgical procedure. It is also interesting to note that titania-based materials, due to their properties—surface morphology, structure, and reactivity—can affect the human body in different ways. Knowledge of these materials, their properties, and their synergistic effects is very important for optimal applications of these materials in various fields of medicine.

In spite of intensive investigations related to titania-based materials, studies on them are still an attractive topic. Therefore, we would like this Special Issue to become a place to present research results, exchange experiences, as well as for further cooperation on their use in various biomedical applications.

Your contributions are welcome.

Assist. Prof. Piotr Piszczek
Dr. Aleksandra Radtke
Guest Editors

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Keywords

titania-based materials
structure
physicochemical and mechanical properties
bioactvity
medical applications

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2758 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Revealing Inflammatory Indications Induced by Titanium Alloy Wear Debris in Periprosthetic Tissue by Label-Free Correlative High-Resolution Ion, Electron and Optical Microspectroscopy

by Rok Podlipec, Esther Punzón-Quijorna, Luka Pirker, Mitja Kelemen, Primož Vavpetič, Rajko Kavalar, Gregor Hlawacek, Janez Štrancar, Primož Pelicon and Samo K. Fokter

Materials 2021, 14(11), 3048; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113048 - 03 Jun 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3107

Abstract

The metallic-associated adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) and events accompanying worn-broken implant materials are still poorly understood on the subcellular and molecular level. Current immunohistochemical techniques lack spatial resolution and chemical sensitivity to investigate causal relations between material and biological response on submicron and even nanoscale. In our study, new insights of titanium alloy debris-tissue interaction were revealed by the implementation of label-free high-resolution correlative microscopy approaches. We have successfully characterized its chemical and biological impact on the periprosthetic tissue obtained at revision surgery of a fractured titanium-alloy modular neck of a patient with hip osteoarthritis. We applied a combination of photon, electron and ion beam micro-spectroscopy techniques, including hybrid optical fluorescence and reflectance micro-spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), helium ion microscopy (HIM) and micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE). Micron-sized wear debris were found as the main cause of the tissue oxidative stress exhibited through lipopigments accumulation in the nearby lysosome. This may explain the indications of chronic inflammation from prior histologic examination. Furthermore, insights on extensive fretting and corrosion of the debris on nm scale and a quantitative measure of significant Al and V release into the tissue together with hydroxyapatite-like layer formation particularly bound to the regions with the highest Al content were revealed. The functional and structural information obtained at molecular and subcellular level contributes to a better understanding of the macroscopic inflammatory processes observed in the tissue level. The established label-free correlative microscopy approach can efficiently be adopted to study any other clinical cases related to ALTR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titania-Based Materials for Medical Applications)

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10 pages, 2286 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Titania-Containing Bone Cement Shows Excellent Osteoconductivity in A Synovial Fluid Environment and Bone-Bonding Strength in Osteoporosis

by Tomotoshi Kawata, Koji Goto, Masashi Imamura, Yaichiro Okuzu, Toshiyuki Kawai, Yutaka Kuroda and Shuichi Matsuda

Materials 2021, 14(5), 1110; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051110 - 27 Feb 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1711

Abstract

Titania bone cement (TBC) reportedly has excellent in vivo bioactivity, yet its osteoconductivity in synovial fluid environments and bone-bonding ability in osteoporosis have not previously been investigated. We aimed to compare the osteoconductivity of two types of cement in a synovial fluid environment and determine their bone-bonding ability in osteoporosis. We implanted TBC and commercial polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (PBC) into rabbit femoral condyles and exposed them to synovial fluid pressure. Rabbits were then euthanized at 6, 12, and 26 weeks, and affinity indices were measured to evaluate osteoconductivity. We generated a rabbit model of osteoporosis through bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) and an 8-week treatment with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (PSL). Pre-hardened TBC and PBC were implanted into the femoral diaphysis of the rabbits in the sham control and OVX + PSL groups. Affinity indices were significantly higher for TBC than for PBC at 12 weeks (40.9 ± 16.8% versus 24.5 ± 9.02%) and 26 weeks (40.2 ± 12.7% versus 21.2 ± 14.2%). The interfacial shear strength was significantly higher for TBC than for PBC at 6 weeks (3.69 ± 1.89 N/mm² versus 1.71 ± 1.23 N/mm²) in the OVX + PSL group. These results indicate that TBC is a promising bioactive bone cement for prosthesis fixation in total knee arthroplasty, especially for osteoporosis patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titania-Based Materials for Medical Applications)

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22 pages, 7780 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Titanate Nanolayers in Terms of Their Physicochemical and Biological Properties

by Michalina Ehlert, Aleksandra Radtke, Katarzyna Roszek, Tomasz Jędrzejewski and Piotr Piszczek

Materials 2021, 14(4), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040806 - 08 Feb 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1987

Abstract

The surface modification of titanium substrates and its alloys in order to improve their osseointegration properties is one of widely studied issues related to the design and production of modern orthopedic and dental implants. In this paper, we discuss the results concerning Ti6Al4V substrate surface modification by (a) alkaline treatment with a 7 M NaOH solution, and (b) production of a porous coating (anodic oxidation with the use of potential U = 5 V) and then treating its surface in the abovementioned alkaline solution. We compared the apatite-forming ability of unmodified and surface-modified titanium alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1–4 weeks. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns of synthesized coatings allowed their structure characterization before and after immersing in SBF. The obtained nanolayers were studied using Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Elemental analysis was carried out using X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM EDX). Wettability and biointegration activity (on the basis of the degree of integration of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, L929 fibroblasts, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro on the sample surface) were also evaluated. The obtained results proved that the surfaces of Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V covered by TiO₂ nanoporous coatings, which were modified by titanate layers, promote apatite formation in the environment of body fluids and possess optimal biointegration properties for fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titania-Based Materials for Medical Applications)

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18 pages, 3688 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Studies on Nanoporous, Nanotubular and Nanosponge-Like Titania Coatings, with the Use of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

by Michalina Ehlert, Aleksandra Radtke, Tomasz Jędrzejewski, Katarzyna Roszek, Michał Bartmański and Piotr Piszczek

Materials 2020, 13(7), 1574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071574 - 29 Mar 2020

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2426

Abstract

In vitro biological research on a group of amorphous titania coatings of different nanoarchitectures (nanoporous, nanotubular, and nanosponge-like) produced on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy samples have been carried out, aimed at assessing their ability to interact with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and affect their activity. The attention has been drawn to the influence of surface coating architecture and its physicochemical properties on the ADSCs proliferation. Moreover, in vitro co-cultures: (1) fibroblasts cell line L929/ADSCs and (2) osteoblasts cell line MG-63/ADSCs on nanoporous, nanotubular and nanosponge-like TiO₂ coatings have been studied. This allowed for evaluating the impact of the surface properties, especially roughness and wettability, on the creation of the beneficial microenvironment for co-cultures and/or enhancing differentiation potential of stem cells. Obtained results showed that the nanoporous surface is favorable for ADSCs, has great biointegrative properties, and supports the growth of co-cultures with MG-63 osteoblasts and L929 fibroblasts. Additionally, the number of osteoblasts seeded and cultured with ADSCs on TNT5 surface raised after 72-h culture almost twice when compared with the unmodified scaffold and by 30% when compared with MG-63 cells growing alone. The alkaline phosphatase activity of MG-63 osteoblasts co-cultured with ADSCs increased, that indirectly confirmed our assumptions that TNT-modified scaffolds create the osteogenic niche and enhance osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titania-Based Materials for Medical Applications)

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Review

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15 pages, 9618 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dual Modular Titanium Alloy Femoral Stem Failure Mechanisms and Suggested Clinical Approaches

by Jan Zajc, Andrej Moličnik and Samo Karl Fokter

Materials 2021, 14(11), 3078; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113078 - 04 Jun 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5486

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) alloys have been proven to be one of the most suitable materials for orthopaedic implants. Dual modular stems have been introduced to primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) to enable better control of the femoral offset, leg length, and hip stability. This systematic review highlights information acquired for dual modular Ti stem complications published in the last 12 years and offers a conclusive discussion of the gathered knowledge. Articles referring to dual modular stem usage, survivorship, and complications in English were searched from 2009 to the present day. A qualitative synthesis of literature was carried out, excluding articles referring solely to other types of junctions or problems with cobalt-chromium alloys in detail. In total, 515 records were identified through database searching and 78 journal articles or conference proceedings were found. The reasons for a modular neck fracture of a Ti alloy are multifactorial. Even though dual modular stems have not shown any clinical benefits for patients and have been associated with worse results regarding durability than monolithic stems, some designs are still marketed worldwide. Orthopaedic surgeons should use Ti6Al4V dual modular stem designs for primary THA in special cases only. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titania-Based Materials for Medical Applications)

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