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Controllable Electrorheological and Nano/Magnetorheological Materials and their Applications
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Controllable Electrorheological and Nano/Magnetorheological Materials and their Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 11938

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Pantelis G. Nikolakopoulos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Machine Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece
Interests: tribology of machine elements; journal bearings; thrust bearing; artificial texturing; piston ring tribology; magnetorheological; electrorheological fluids; active magnetic bearings
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dimitrios Bompos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Machine Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
Interests: tribology of machine elements; journal bearings; magnetorheological fluids; rotordynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Future machines design must aim for efficiency, ergonomy, safety, and have a minimal impact on climate and nature. Machines must also become more efficient by having a reduced weight in order to achieve a minimum consumption of energy and therefore of available natural resources. Future machines must be smarter and safer, offering more autonomy and less risk of injury.

Tribological design analysis and optimization, including friction wear and lubrication, will affect the performance of the machine elements, especially its operation and efficiency. The emitted gases and the machine life span will also be enhanced, having a positive impact on the world economy.

Checking materials’ properties has attracted a lot of attention in recent decades. Magneto/nanomagneto rheological and electrorheological fluids, among others, are smart lubricants whose rheological properties can be changed by applying a magnetic or an electric field respectively. Smart lubricants are commonly a suspension of solid magnetized or dielectric particles diffused in non-conducting liquid. By applying a magnetic or electric field, their resistance to flow can be altered very quickly. The smart fluids can change their rheological behavior from Newtonian type to Bingham type, in which case the apparent viscosity of the fluid becomes non-linear. Due to this behavior, smart fluids can endure external pressure or force variability with the advantages of having a simple design, offering continuous control and a fast response.

Specific targeting in the development of new technologies and new materials, makes it possible to reduce the weight and optimize the strength of future machines, to enhance the tribological and interface properties, efficiency and robustness. It is also a promising field in terms of monitoring a product remotely, to interpret signals and take action using artificial intelligence.

The combination of tribological design analysis and optimization of machine elements with smart fluids, can offer controllable tribological properties and/or controllable dynamic behavior.

This Special Issue includes works that deal with the development of smart machines, materials and processes, by introducing new methods, models and multidisciplinary approaches, through research and an in depth understanding of physical phenomena.

Assis. Prof. Pantelis G. Nikolakopoulos
Dr. Dimitrios Bompos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tribology of machine elements
  • smart lubricants
  • journal bearings
  • thrust bearings
  • magnetorheological
  • electrorheological fluids
  • smart machines

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 6558 KiB  
Article
Electrorheological Characteristics of Poly(diphenylamine)/magnetite Composite-Based Suspension
by Yu Zhen Dong and Hyoung Jin Choi
Materials 2019, 12(18), 2911; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12182911 - 09 Sep 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3270
Abstract
Electro-responsive poly(diphenylamine)(PDPA)/Fe3O4 composite particles were prepared by the synthesis of PDPA particles using a chemical oxidative polymerization technique followed by loading nano-sized Fe3O4 particles onto PDPA via a chemical co-precipitation process. The morphological image of the PDPA/Fe [...] Read more.
Electro-responsive poly(diphenylamine)(PDPA)/Fe3O4 composite particles were prepared by the synthesis of PDPA particles using a chemical oxidative polymerization technique followed by loading nano-sized Fe3O4 particles onto PDPA via a chemical co-precipitation process. The morphological image of the PDPA/Fe3O4 particles was characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The crystalline structure was scrutinized by X-ray diffraction. The rheological characteristics of the suspension composed of PDPA/Fe3O4 particles suspended in silicone oil were investigated by a rotation rheometer, demonstrating standard electrorheological (ER) characteristics with a dramatic increase in shear stress and dynamic moduli under the application of an electrical field strength. The shear stress curves under an electrical field could be described using the Bingham model and the yield stress showed a power-law relationship with the electric field strength with an exponent of 1.5, following the conduction model. Furthermore, the frequency-dependent dielectric behaviors of the PDPA/Fe3O4 ER suspension was tested using an inductance (L)-capacitance (C)-resistance (R) (LCR) meter. The dielectric properties were well described using the Cole–Cole equation and were consistent with the results of the ER experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Controllable Electrorheological and Nano/Magnetorheological Materials and their Applications)
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15 pages, 5839 KiB  
Article
Quasi-Static Rheological Properties of Lithium-Based Magnetorheological Grease under Large Deformation
by Huixing Wang, Guang Zhang and Jiong Wang
Materials 2019, 12(15), 2431; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12152431 - 30 Jul 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2564
Abstract
This paper investigates the quasi-static rheological properties of lithium-based magnetorheological (MR) grease under large deformation. Three types of lithium-based MR grease comprising different mass ratios of carbonyl iron (CI) particles and lithium-based grease were prepared. The dependence of the magneto-induced stress–strain curves for [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the quasi-static rheological properties of lithium-based magnetorheological (MR) grease under large deformation. Three types of lithium-based MR grease comprising different mass ratios of carbonyl iron (CI) particles and lithium-based grease were prepared. The dependence of the magneto-induced stress–strain curves for MR grease on CI particles content, shear rate, and shear deformation under quasi-static monotonic shear conditions were tested and discussed. The results demonstrate that the shear rate dependence of the maximum yield stress is significantly weakened by the magnetic field, and this weakening is further enhanced as the CI particles content of MR grease increases. In addition, to evaluate and characterize the behavior of the cyclic shear–stress curves of MR grease under quasi-static condition, cyclic shear tests under different controlled conditions, i.e., CI particles content, shear rate, shear strain amplitude, and magnetic field strength, were conduct and analyzed. The magneto-induced shear stress of MR grease with higher CI particles content shows a sharp decrease during the transition from loading to unloading. Moreover, the experiment results also show that the damping characteristics of MR grease are highly correlated with CI particles content, shear strain, and magnetic field strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Controllable Electrorheological and Nano/Magnetorheological Materials and their Applications)
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18 pages, 11154 KiB  
Article
Probing Slip Differential Heat of Magnetorheological Fluids Subjected to Shear Mode Operation and Its Effect on the Structure
by Song Chen and Jing Yang
Materials 2019, 12(11), 1860; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111860 - 08 Jun 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2485
Abstract
The paper probes slip differential heat of magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) subjected to shear mode operation and its effect on the structure. To begin, we present a novel model for measurement of slip differential heat to describe temperature rise of MRFs mainly caused by [...] Read more.
The paper probes slip differential heat of magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) subjected to shear mode operation and its effect on the structure. To begin, we present a novel model for measurement of slip differential heat to describe temperature rise of MRFs mainly caused by friction between magnetorheological particles. It includes two stages: (1) The micro-macro analysis of slip differential heat of MRFs including force, movement and heat between neighboring particles based on magnetic dipole and Hertzian contact theories, and (2) the further application to two basic disc-type and cylinder-type magnetorheological clutches combined with finite element simulations involving electromagnetic field and thermal analysis. The model takes into account the effect of each of the main influencing factors, such as the input current of excitation coil, the rotational speed difference of the clutches, the size and volume fraction of particles, the saturation magnetization of particles, and the structural size of the clutches, etc., on the slip differential heat of MRFs. Then the thermal structure analysis of MRFs comprising thermal deformation and equivalent thermal stress is carried out. Moreover, the effect of typical governing parameters on the slip power of MRFs and the influence of slip differential heat on the structure of MRFs are investigated individually. We show that such a model is effective in reflecting the temperature-slip time relation of MRFs. It is shown that the input current and the rotational speed difference have great effect on the slip power, and the slip differential heat has a certain influence on the micro-structure of MRFs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Controllable Electrorheological and Nano/Magnetorheological Materials and their Applications)
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17 pages, 2992 KiB  
Article
Effects of Silicone Oil Viscosity and Carbonyl Iron Particle Weight Fraction and Size on Yield Stress for Magnetorheological Grease Based on a New Preparation Technique
by Kejie Wang, Xiaomin Dong, Junli Li, Kaiyuan Shi and Keju Li
Materials 2019, 12(11), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111778 - 31 May 2019
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3024
Abstract
This paper investigated the effects of silicone oil viscosity (SOV) and carbonyl iron particle (CIP) weight fraction and size on dynamic yield stress for magnetorheological (MR) grease. The MR grease samples were prepared using orthogonal array L9 on the basis of a [...] Read more.
This paper investigated the effects of silicone oil viscosity (SOV) and carbonyl iron particle (CIP) weight fraction and size on dynamic yield stress for magnetorheological (MR) grease. The MR grease samples were prepared using orthogonal array L9 on the basis of a new preparation technology. The shear rheological tests were undertaken using a rotational shear rheometer and yield stress was obtained based on the Bingham fluid model. It was found that CIP fractions ranging from 65 wt% to 75 wt% and SOV varying from 50 m2·s−1 to 1000 m2·s−1 significantly affect the magnetic field-dependent yield stress of MR grease, but the CIPs with sizes of 3.2–3.9 μm hardly had any influence based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, the yield stress of MR grease mainly depended on the CIP fraction and SOV by comparing their percent contribution (PC). It was further confirmed that there were positive effects of CIP fraction and SOV on yield stress through response surface analysis (RSA). The results showed a high dynamic yield stress. It indicated that MR grease is an intelligent material candidate which can be applied to many different areas requiring high field-induced rheological capabilities without flow for suspension. Moreover, based upon the multivariate regression equation, a constitutive model was developed to express the function of the yield stress as the SOV and fraction of CIPs under the application of magnetic fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Controllable Electrorheological and Nano/Magnetorheological Materials and their Applications)
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