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Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering (Second Edition)
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Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering (Second Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 4359

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mariusz Jasinski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: development of microwave plasma sources; applications of microwave plasmas; diagnostics of microwave plasmas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Materials is intended to provide a description of devices and processes related to the advances in plasma and laser engineering. Plasma is called the fourth state of matter because its properties differ significantly from those of ordinary gas. Plasma can be considered a conductive medium generated by the ionization of gases. Therefore, it occurs as a mixture of photons, electrons, and ions, but it can also contain neutral atoms and molecules. The concept of plasma includes media with very different properties because the composition, densities, and kinetic energies of plasma components differ for various types of plasma by several or even more orders of magnitude. A laser is a device that emits electromagnetic radiation in the visible, ultraviolet, or infrared range, using the phenomenon of forced emission. Laser radiation is coherent, usually polarized, and has the form of a beam with very little divergence. In a laser, it is easy to obtain radiation with a very small line width, which is equivalent to very high power in a selected narrow spectral region. With pulsed lasers, it is possible to obtain a very high power in a pulse and a very short pulse duration. Both plasma devices and lasers can have different designs, properties, and applications. Plasma and laser applications include, but are not limited to, the production of new materials and the improvement in the properties of existing materials. The plasma or laser treatment of materials may lead to physicochemical changes in the structure of their surfaces. This Special Issue aims to showcase advances in plasma and laser engineering for all materials.

Best regards,
Dr. Mariusz Jasinski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plasma deposition
  • laser deposition
  • plasma treatment of materials
  • laser treatment of materials
  • plasma activation of surfaces
  • laser activation of surfaces
  • pulsed plasmas
  • pulsed lasers
  • new materials
  • plasma sources
  • laser sources
  • plasma engineering
  • laser engineering

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 32470 KiB  
Article
Effect of Laser Parameters on Surface Morphology and Material Removal Mechanism of Ablation Grooves in CFRP Composites Using Finite Element Simulations
by Juan Song, Bangfu Wang, Qingyang Jiang and Xiaohong Hao
Materials 2025, 18(4), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040790 - 11 Feb 2025
Viewed by 654
Abstract
Carbon fiber resin matrix composites (CFRP) are widely recognized for their exceptional properties such as high temperature resistance and high strength, making them indispensable in aerospace, automotive, and medical applications. Despite their growing use, precision machining of CFRP remains challenging. Traditional mechanical machining [...] Read more.
Carbon fiber resin matrix composites (CFRP) are widely recognized for their exceptional properties such as high temperature resistance and high strength, making them indispensable in aerospace, automotive, and medical applications. Despite their growing use, precision machining of CFRP remains challenging. Traditional mechanical machining methods often lead to severe tool wear, matrix damage, fiber pullout, delamination, and chipping. In contrast, nanosecond pulsed laser machining has garnered significant attention due to its high precision, minimal heat-affected zone (HAZ), and versatility in processing various materials. In this study, a finite element model was developed to account for the anisotropic heat transfer and non-homogeneous properties of CFRP, enabling accurate simulation of laser machining processes. The study analyzed the influence of laser parameters on machining quality and revealed the ablation mechanism and HAZ evolution under varying laser conditions. Notably, it was observed that the thermal conductivity along the carbon fiber’s axial direction is higher than in the radial direction, resulting in an elliptical ablation pattern after laser irradiation. Additionally, the effects of the laser power, pulse frequency, and scanning speed on the depth and width of grooves were investigated through finite element simulations and validation experiments. A heat accumulation effect between laser pulses was observed, where resin matrix material around the grooves was removed once the accumulated heat exceeded the resin’s pyrolysis temperature. In addition, if there is too much laser power or too small a laser scanning speed, the fiber will undergo severe ablation removal, which will form serious thermal damage and a heat-affected zone. Gradually increasing the laser power or decreasing the scanning speed led to deeper and wider grooves, with an inverted triangular morphology. Moreover, the selection of different parameters had a significant effect on the ablation morphology, heat-affected zone, and the contour parameters of the grooves. This research contributes to understanding the laser–CFRP interaction mechanism and offers insights for optimizing laser processing parameters to improve material processing accuracy and efficiency, further expanding the potential applications of laser technology in composite material machining. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering (Second Edition))
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10 pages, 3781 KiB  
Article
The Photothermal Synergistic Mechanism of Rock Varnish Photoconductance Under Laser Irradiation
by Xinyang Miao, Tiantian An, Lijun Wang, Shujie Xiong, Huanxi Zhang, Jiahao Yi, Bingbing Zhao and Kun Zhao
Materials 2024, 17(23), 5841; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235841 - 28 Nov 2024
Viewed by 627
Abstract
Rock varnishes, complex structures formed by long-term deposition on rocks, exhibit unique light absorption characteristics and are widely distributed across arid environments on Earth’s surface. The varnishes possess the ability to absorb and convert photons from solar radiation into electrons, which represents a [...] Read more.
Rock varnishes, complex structures formed by long-term deposition on rocks, exhibit unique light absorption characteristics and are widely distributed across arid environments on Earth’s surface. The varnishes possess the ability to absorb and convert photons from solar radiation into electrons, which represents a newly discovered fundamental energy form in nature, with further elucidation required regarding the underlying mechanism of how semiconductor minerals respond to light radiation. The regulations governing the photoconductive responses of samples from the Alashan region in Gobi, China, and the mechanisms exhibited by rock rock varnishes under various bias voltages and irradiation wavelengths (532 nm, 808 nm, and 1064 nm) were studied. The photoconductivity response is positively correlated with the applied external bias, and the response caused by shorter wavelengths is larger. The synergistic effect was quantitatively assessed by monitoring and fitting the correlation between photoconductivity, temperature, and time during laser irradiation. As an effective method to study the fundamental physical properties of semiconductor minerals, the photoconductivity testing will help to establish a fundamental framework for investigating the intrinsic physical characteristics of natural rock varnishes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering (Second Edition))
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13 pages, 4830 KiB  
Article
Roll-to-Roll SiOx Synthesis on Polyethylene Terephthalate Film by Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
by Yukihiro Kusano, Kim Bredgaard, Huifang Pan and Alexander Leo Bardenstein
Materials 2024, 17(19), 4694; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17194694 - 24 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1204
Abstract
Silicon oxide (SiOx) coatings are attracting significant attention and are widely used in industrial applications. They can be prepared by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD). PACVD at atmospheric pressure (AP-PACVD) is often employed to synthesize SiOx coatings, but it has generally not been [...] Read more.
Silicon oxide (SiOx) coatings are attracting significant attention and are widely used in industrial applications. They can be prepared by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD). PACVD at atmospheric pressure (AP-PACVD) is often employed to synthesize SiOx coatings, but it has generally not been scaled up to an industrially viable level. In the present work, a SiOx coating was continuously deposited onto a polyethylene terephthalate film using industrial-scale roll-to-roll type AP-PACVD. 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were selected as precursors. The elemental compositions and chemical structures of the SiOx coatings were characterized, and oxygen and water-vapor transmission rates were measured. The SiOx coating using TEOS exhibited better barrier properties than that using TMDSO, corresponding to the high oxygen content, high SiO2 content, and high siloxane network content in the SiOx coating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering (Second Edition))
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18 pages, 9412 KiB  
Article
Microwave Plasma Pencil for Surface Treatment: Numerical Study of Electromagnetic Radiation and Experimental Verification
by Helena Nowakowska, Dariusz Czylkowski, Bartosz Hrycak and Mariusz Jasiński
Materials 2024, 17(17), 4369; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174369 - 4 Sep 2024
Viewed by 975
Abstract
An atmospheric pressure plasma source of the microwave plasma pencil type utilizing a coaxial line is presented. The generated plasma takes the form of a cylinder up to about 30 mm long and up to 5 mm in diameter. It is suitable for [...] Read more.
An atmospheric pressure plasma source of the microwave plasma pencil type utilizing a coaxial line is presented. The generated plasma takes the form of a cylinder up to about 30 mm long and up to 5 mm in diameter. It is suitable for surface sterilization, surface treatment, and material processing. This study numerically analyzes the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the plasma pencil, which compromises performance and poses safety risks. Electric field distributions, radiation patterns, the ratio of the power entering the discharge to the incident wave power, and the ratio of radiated power to entering power were numerically investigated for different plasma parameters and pencil lengths. Results indicate that increasing electron density, gas temperature, plasma length, and pencil length increases the radiated power by up to more than 60% of the entering power, and the radiation patterns can be highly non-uniform with strong backward lobe. The numerical finding were qualitatively confirmed experimentally. It was also found that it is possible to reduce radiation from the device by using appropriately designed cones, the presence of which does not impede its performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering (Second Edition))
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Review

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29 pages, 8415 KiB  
Review
Decarburization and Its Effects on the Properties of Plasma-Nitrided AISI 4140 Steel: A Review
by Željko Stojanović, Bojan Gligorijević, Slavica Prvulović, Adrian But, Petr Svoboda, Ján Piteľ and Aleksandar Vencl
Materials 2025, 18(10), 2207; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102207 - 10 May 2025
Viewed by 240
Abstract
Despite the surge in plasma nitriding research, few reviews thoroughly examine how surface decarburization—occurring both before and during the treatment—affects AISI 4140 and similar steel grades. This review addresses that shortfall by providing an investigation into the decarburization process and its consequences. It [...] Read more.
Despite the surge in plasma nitriding research, few reviews thoroughly examine how surface decarburization—occurring both before and during the treatment—affects AISI 4140 and similar steel grades. This review addresses that shortfall by providing an investigation into the decarburization process and its consequences. It compiles essential findings from prior studies, demonstrating instances of decarburization in both plasma-free and plasma-containing environments. Furthermore, this analysis explores strategies to prevent decarburization and assesses its significant impact on the steel’s microstructure, hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear properties in surface and near-surface regions. Moreover, this study proposes directions for future research, emphasizing the necessity for a more detailed understanding of the decarburization mechanisms and their influence on the properties of plasma-nitrided steels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering (Second Edition))
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