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Νanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2026 | Viewed by 6361

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
Interests: functional biomaterials; biocompatible polymers; controlled delivery of bioactive molecules; drug targeting; tissue engineering; nanoparticles; scaffolds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
Interests: multifunctional liposomes; functional dendritic polymers; drug delivery; hybrid carbon-based nanomaterials; multifunctional coatings; antibacterial nanomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanoparticles have emerged as a promising class of materials for biomedical applications as their particle size, which is in the nanometer range, secures their colloidal nature and their unique properties of increased relative surface area and quantum size effects. Nanoparticles are categorized primarily as polymeric, inorganic, lipid, and carbon-based, with each class featuring multiple forms, such as micelles, dendrimers, cyclodextrins, nanospheres, polymersomes, liposomes, lipid, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, quantum dots, and carbon nanostructures.

Their architecture (size, shape, and charge) and surface properties can be fine-tuned to optimize their stability, solubility, drug loading capacity, and controlled release so as to prolong their circulation and enhance delivery of various payloads, including small molecules, biological macromolecules, and proteins, leading to their use in a wide variety of biological and pharmaceutical applications. The incorporation of bioresponsive moieties and surface modification with targeting agents enable the overcoming of biological barriers, enhancing delivery though cell-specific targeting and molecular transport to specific organelles.

This Special Issue will highlight the latest research on nanoparticles focusing on their applications in the biomedical field, including drug and gene delivery, stimuli-responsive therapeutics, antibacterials, bioimaging, theranostics, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.

Dr. Leto-Aikaterini Tziveleka
Dr. Zili Sideratou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • lipid-based
  • carbon-based
  • polymeric
  • inorganic
  • functionalization
  • controlled delivery
  • bioimaging
  • theranostics
  • tissue engineering

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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30 pages, 8636 KB  
Article
Bio-Derived Cellulose Nanofibers for the Development Under Environmentally Assessed Conditions of Cellulose/ZnO Nanohybrids with Enhanced Biocompatibility and Antimicrobial Properties
by Kyriaki Marina Lyra, Aggeliki Papavasiliou, Caroline Piffet, Lara Gumusboga, Jean-Michel Thomassin, Yana Marie, Alexandre Hoareau, Vincent Moulès, Javier Alcodori, Pau Camilleri Lledó, Albany Milena Lozano Násner, Jose Gallego, Elias Sakellis, Fotios K. Katsaros, Dimitris Tsiourvas and Zili Sideratou
Materials 2026, 19(2), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020346 - 15 Jan 2026
Viewed by 642
Abstract
The development of eco-friendly antimicrobial materials is essential for addressing antibiotic resistance, while reducing environmental impact. In this study, bio-derived anionic and cationic cellulose nanofibers (a-CNF and c-CNF) were employed as templating matrices for the in situ hydrothermal synthesis of cellulose/ZnO nanohybrids. Physicochemical [...] Read more.
The development of eco-friendly antimicrobial materials is essential for addressing antibiotic resistance, while reducing environmental impact. In this study, bio-derived anionic and cationic cellulose nanofibers (a-CNF and c-CNF) were employed as templating matrices for the in situ hydrothermal synthesis of cellulose/ZnO nanohybrids. Physicochemical characterization confirmed efficient cellulose functionalization and high-quality nanofibrillation, as well as the formation of uniformly dispersed ZnO nanoparticles (≈10–20 nm) strongly integrated within the cellulose network. The ZnO content was 30 and 20 wt. % for a-CNF/ZnO and c-CNF/ZnO, respectively. Antibacterial evaluation against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus revealed enhanced activity for both hybrids, with c-CNF/ZnO displaying the lowest MIC/MBC values (50/100 μg/mL). Antiviral assays revealed complete feline calicivirus inactivation at 100 μg/mL for c-CNF/ZnO, while moderate activity was observed against bovine coronavirus, highlighting the role of surface charge. Cytotoxicity assays on mammalian cells demonstrated high biocompatibility at antimicrobial concentrations. Life cycle assessment showed that c-CNF/ZnO exhibits a lower overall environmental burden than a-CNF/ZnO, with electricity demand being the main contributor, indicating clear opportunities for further reductions through process optimization and scale-up. Overall, these results demonstrate that CNF/ZnO nanohybrids effectively combine renewable biopolymers with ZnO antimicrobial functionality, offering a sustainable and safe platform for biomedical and environmental applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Νanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))
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18 pages, 5356 KB  
Article
Block Copolymer–Sodium Oleate Complexes Through Electrostatic Interactions for Curcumin Encapsulation
by Evanthia Ganou, Michaila Akathi Pantelaiou, Varvara Chrysostomou, Karolina Olszowska, Barbara Trzebicka and Stergios Pispas
Materials 2025, 18(23), 5375; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235375 - 28 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Polyelectrolyte-based complexes have attracted attention, as the interaction of the oppositely charged components results in nanoparticle formation through an easy but highly efficient method, avoiding the use of strong solvents, extreme temperatures, and toxic chemicals. Sodium oleate (NaOL) is a widely used surfactant [...] Read more.
Polyelectrolyte-based complexes have attracted attention, as the interaction of the oppositely charged components results in nanoparticle formation through an easy but highly efficient method, avoiding the use of strong solvents, extreme temperatures, and toxic chemicals. Sodium oleate (NaOL) is a widely used surfactant in the pharmaceutical industry due to its availability, eco-friendliness, and low cost. In the present study, the neutral-cationic block copolymer poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)–b–quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (POEGMA-b-Q(PDMAEMA)) is mixed with the anionic surfactant sodium oleate for the formation of nanoscale polyelectrolyte complexes through electrostatic interactions. Different weight ratios of copolymer to surfactant are studied. Then, the co-solvent protocol was implemented, and curcumin is successfully loaded in the formed particles for drug delivery applications. The size and morphology of the macromolecular complexes are examined via Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (cryo-TEM). The methods that we have used have indicated that the polymer–surfactant complexes form spherical complexes, worm-like and vesicle-like structures. When curcumin was introduced, encapsulation was effectively achieved into micelles, giving rise to vesicle-like shapes. The success of curcumin encapsulation is confirmed by Ultraviolet–Visible absorption (UV–Vis) and fluorescence (FS) spectroscopy. POEGMA-b-Q(PDMAEMA)–sodium oleate polyelectrolyte complexes revealed promising attributes as efficient drug carrier systems for pharmaceutical formulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Νanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))
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Review

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36 pages, 9471 KB  
Review
Polymer Prolate Spheroids, Ellipsoids, and Their Assemblies at Interfaces—Current Status and Perspectives
by Damian Mickiewicz, Mariusz Gadzinowski, Stanislaw Slomkowski and Teresa Basinska
Materials 2026, 19(2), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020291 - 10 Jan 2026
Viewed by 605
Abstract
Most nanoparticles and microparticles used as carriers of bioactive compounds are spherical in shape. Such particles are the easiest to obtain, as many processes spontaneously minimize the surface energy of the objects produced. However, in recent years, scientists have turned their attention to [...] Read more.
Most nanoparticles and microparticles used as carriers of bioactive compounds are spherical in shape. Such particles are the easiest to obtain, as many processes spontaneously minimize the surface energy of the objects produced. However, in recent years, scientists have turned their attention to non-spherical particles in the hope of obtaining particles that interact with their environment in a tailored manner. The production of such particles should be easy and reproducible. The best candidates are spheroids produced by various methods. The most often used is the linear transformation of spheres during processes that preserve constant particle volume. The typical process consists of stretching a polymer matrix filled with spherical particles. The article delivers a critical overview of methods, discussing their advantages and disadvantages. A list of presented methods also includes the preparation of spheroids by polymer solution emulsification-solvent evaporation, controlled dispersion polymerization, electrohydrodynamic jetting, adsorption of amphiphilic copolymers on solid particles, and copolymer self-organization processes, as well as microfluidic methods, deformation of spherical particles into spheroids by irradiation, and phase microseparation. A special section is devoted to the self-organization of the particles at the phase boundaries. Eventually, the preparation and selected properties of two-dimensional and three-dimensional assemblies of spheroidal particles, particularly the preparation of a quasi-nematic colloidal crystal, are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Νanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))
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31 pages, 8291 KB  
Review
Recent Advances in pH-Responsive Liposomes: Lessons Learnt and New Directions in Nanomedicine Development
by Antonia Georgia Tsirogianni, Maria Chountoulesi and Natassa Pippa
Materials 2025, 18(18), 4295; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18184295 - 13 Sep 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3858
Abstract
The development of pH-responsive liposomes represents a promising strategy for targeted drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxicity and side effects. These innovative nanocarriers are typically synthesized via the thin film hydration method and can be further modified to exhibit stimuli-responsive behavior. [...] Read more.
The development of pH-responsive liposomes represents a promising strategy for targeted drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxicity and side effects. These innovative nanocarriers are typically synthesized via the thin film hydration method and can be further modified to exhibit stimuli-responsive behavior. pH-responsive liposomes are biocompatible, biodegradable, and capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, increasing their versatility in drug delivery. In this mini-review, we explore the mechanism of action of pH-responsive liposomes, analyzing the factors that influence both their intracellular and extracellular behavior. Various formulations are examined, and their characteristics are compared to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications in anticancer therapy, in gene therapy, and in bacterial infections as vaccines and diagnostic agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Νanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))
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