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Marine Drugs
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Antiphotoaging and Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms
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Antiphotoaging and Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2021) | Viewed by 29059

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Immacolata Castellano

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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: discovery of marine sulfur-containing histidine activities; evolution of natural products biosynthesis; anti-oxidant activities; enzyme target characterization; molecular mechanisms underpinning the response and adaptation of organisms to the marine environment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elisabetta Damiani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy
Interests: synthetic and natural antioxidants; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; UV-induced damage; photoprotection; sunscreens; epigenetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Céline Couteau

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire de Pharmacie industrielle et de Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Nantes, MMS, EA2160, 61112–44035 Nantes, France
Interests: marine cosmetics; cancer research; photo-protective cancer research; skin; skin cancer; UV radiation; SPF
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, anthropogenic pressure has been increasing worldwide, leading to urgent environmental concerns, such as global warming and the progressive thinning of the ozone layer. Prolonged exposure to UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (280–320 nm) radiation may result in acute and/or chronic effects on the skin and, in general, on human health. UVA rays in particular reach the Earth’s surface and can penetrate into the dermal skin layers, where they are responsible for skin photo-ageing and photo-carcinogenesis, mainly through the production of reactive oxygen species.

Marine organisms have evolved a plethora of molecular strategies to protect themselves from the harmful effects of UV radiation, producing UV-absorbing compounds such as scytonemins in cyanobacteria, mycosporines, mycosporine-like amino acids, carotenoids in microalgae, and melanin in marine invertebrates. These compounds offer great potential for the development of novel UV filters in sunscreen products or in antiaging creams aimed to reduce photo-oxidative damage. Recent investigations have shown that some traditional UV filters and other ingredients (e.g., preservatives and antioxidants) might have toxic effects both on humans and marine life. This evidence has stimulated new research on alternative and eco-friendly photo-protective compounds from marine organisms.

Therefore, faced with consumers increased inclination to seek natural cosmetics, manufacturers must seek new active ingredients of natural origin in order to meet this demand, which embraces a broad area in terms of moisturizing, lightening, anti-free radical, anti-wrinkle, and UV-protective compounds.

In this Special Issue, researchers are invited to provide recent and innovative results on different aspects related to the discovery and biological activity of marine-derived photo-protective and anti-aging compounds, their functional and ecological role, and their potential applications as active ingredients in health and beauty care products that are both effective and meet consumer expectations of tomorrow's cosmetics.

Dr. Immacolata Castellano
Dr. Elisabetta Damiani
Dr. Céline Couteau
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antioxidant Compounds
  • Anti-Microbial Compounds
  • Anti-Photoaging
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibition Compounds
  • UV-Absorbing Compounds
  • DNA protective Compounds
  • Photo-Protective Compounds
  • TerpenesCarotenoids
  • Flavonoids
  • Tocopherol
  • Retinoid
  • Chitin, chitosan and their derivatives
  • Carrageenan
  • Chondroitin Sulfate
  • Fucoidan
  • Mycosporine-like amino acid
  • Proteins, peptides and Enzymes
  • Lipids
  • Fatty acids
  • Phenolic compounds
  • Marine Cosmeceuticals
  • Marine Pharmaceuticals
  • Industrial Products using Marine Compounds

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4493 KiB  
Article
Heptapeptide Isolated from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis Exhibited Anti-Photoaging Potential via MAPK/AP-1/MMP Pathway and Anti-Apoptosis in UVB-Irradiated HaCaT Cells
by Zhaowan Zheng, Zhenbang Xiao, Yuan-Lin He, Yanfei Tang, Lefan Li, Chunxia Zhou, Pengzhi Hong, Hui Luo and Zhong-Ji Qian
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(11), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19110626 - 9 Nov 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3306
Abstract
Marine microalgae can be used as sustainable protein sources in many fields with positive effects on human and animal health. DAPTMGY is a heptapeptide isolated from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis which is a microalga. In this study, we evaluated its anti-photoaging properties and mechanism of [...] Read more.
Marine microalgae can be used as sustainable protein sources in many fields with positive effects on human and animal health. DAPTMGY is a heptapeptide isolated from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis which is a microalga. In this study, we evaluated its anti-photoaging properties and mechanism of action in human immortalized keratinocytes cells (HaCaT). The results showed that DAPTMGY scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase the level of endogenous antioxidants. In addition, through the exploration of its mechanism, it was determined that DAPIMGY exerted anti-photoaging effects. Specifically, the heptapeptide inhibits UVB-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of p53, caspase-8, caspase-3 and Bax and up-regulation of Bcl-2. Thus, DAPTMGY, isolated from I. zhanjiangensis, exhibits protective effects against UVB-induced damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antiphotoaging and Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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14 pages, 1911 KiB  
Article
Mitosis Inhibitors Induce Massive Accumulation of Phytoene in the Microalga Dunaliella salina
by Yanan Xu and Patricia J. Harvey
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(11), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19110595 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2654
Abstract
Phytoene is a colourless natural carotenoid that absorbs UV light and provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as protection against photodamage. It is therefore valued for its skin health and aesthetic benefits by the cosmetic industry, as well as by the health [...] Read more.
Phytoene is a colourless natural carotenoid that absorbs UV light and provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as protection against photodamage. It is therefore valued for its skin health and aesthetic benefits by the cosmetic industry, as well as by the health food sector. The halotolerant green microalga Dunaliella salina is one of the richest sources of natural carotenoids. We have previously investigated the over-production of phytoene in D. salina after cultivation with the well-characterised mitosis inhibitor, chlorpropham. In this study, 15 herbicides with different modes of action were tested for their potential to promote phytoene accumulation. All herbicides showed different levels of capabilities to support phytoene over-production in D. salina. Most significantly, the two mitosis inhibitors tested in this study, propyzamide and chlorpropham, showed similar capacities to support the over-production of phytoene by D. salina cultures as phytoene desaturase inhibitors. The cellular content of phytoene increased by over 10-fold within 48 h of treatment with the mitosis inhibitors compared to untreated cultures. Results indicate a general effect of mitosis inhibitors on phytoene accumulation in D. salina. Furthermore, red light was found to significantly enhance the phytoene yield when used in combination with effective inhibitor treatments. Red light can be applied to maximize the production of phytoene from D. salina. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antiphotoaging and Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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12 pages, 2652 KiB  
Article
Regulation of p53 Activity by (+)-Epiloliolide Isolated from Ulva lactuca
by Yuheon Chung, Seula Jeong, In-Kyoung Lee, Bong-Sik Yun, Jung Sup Lee, Seungil Ro and Jong Kun Park
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(8), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19080450 - 5 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2979
Abstract
Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca) is a green alga distributed worldwide and used as a food and cosmetic material. In our previous study, we determined the effects of U. lactuca methanol extracts on the UVB-induced DNA repair. In the present study, we fractionated U. [...] Read more.
Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca) is a green alga distributed worldwide and used as a food and cosmetic material. In our previous study, we determined the effects of U. lactuca methanol extracts on the UVB-induced DNA repair. In the present study, we fractionated U. lactuca methanol extracts to identify the effective compound for the DNA repair. MTT assay demonstrated that (+)-epiloliolide showed no cytotoxicity up to 100 μM in BJ-5ta human dermal fibroblast. Upon no treatment, exposure to UVB 400 J/m2 decreased cell viability by 45%, whereas (+)-epiloliolide treatment for 24 h after UVB exposure significantly increased the cell viability. In GO and GESA analysis, a number of differentially expressed genes were uniquely expressed in (+)-epiloliolide treated cells, which were enriched in the p53 signaling pathway and excision repair. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that (+)-epiloliolide increased the nuclear localization of p53. Comet assay demonstrated that (+)-epiloliolide decreased tail moment increased by UVB. Western blot analysis demonstrated that (+)-epiloliolide decreased the levels of p-p53, p21, Bax, and Bim, but increased that of Bcl-2. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) demonstrated that (+)-epiloliolide decreased the levels of MMP 1, 9, and 13, but increased that of COL1A1. These results suggest that (+)-epiloliolide regulates p53 activity and has protective effects against UVB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antiphotoaging and Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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18 pages, 2325 KiB  
Article
MMP-9 and IL-1β as Targets for Diatoxanthin and Related Microalgal Pigments: Potential Chemopreventive and Photoprotective Agents
by Luigi Pistelli, Clementina Sansone, Arianna Smerilli, Marco Festa, Douglas M. Noonan, Adriana Albini and Christophe Brunet
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(7), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19070354 - 22 Jun 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 3021
Abstract
Photochemoprevention can be a valuable approach to counteract the damaging effects of environmental stressors (e.g., UV radiations) on the skin. Pigments are bioactive molecules, greatly attractive for biotechnological purposes, and with promising applications for human health. In this context, marine microalgae are a [...] Read more.
Photochemoprevention can be a valuable approach to counteract the damaging effects of environmental stressors (e.g., UV radiations) on the skin. Pigments are bioactive molecules, greatly attractive for biotechnological purposes, and with promising applications for human health. In this context, marine microalgae are a valuable alternative and eco-sustainable source of pigments that still need to be taken advantage of. In this study, a comparative in vitro photochemopreventive effects of twenty marine pigments on carcinogenic melanoma model cell B16F0 from UV-induced injury was setup. Pigment modulation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and extracellular release of nitric oxide (NO) was investigated. At the cell signaling level, interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 protein (MMP-9) protein expression was examined. These processes are known to be involved in the signaling pathway, from UV stress to cancer induction. Diatoxanthin resulted the best performing pigment in lowering MMP-9 levels and was able to strongly lower IL-1β. This study highlights the pronounced bioactivity of the exclusively aquatic carotenoid diatoxanthin, among the others. It is suggested increasing research efforts on this molecule, emphasizing that a deeper integration of plant ecophysiological studies into a biotechnological context could improve the exploration and exploitation of bioactive natural products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antiphotoaging and Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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12 pages, 1858 KiB  
Article
Anti-Photoaging and Anti-Melanogenesis Effects of Fucoidan Isolated from Hizikia fusiforme and Its Underlying Mechanisms
by Lei Wang, Jae-Young Oh, Young-Sang Kim, Hyo-Geun Lee, Jung-Suck Lee and You-Jin Jeon
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(8), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18080427 - 15 Aug 2020
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 4968
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that fucoidan with a molecular weight of 102.67 kDa, isolated from Hizikia fusiforme, possesses strong antioxidant activity. To explore the cosmeceutical potential of fucoidan, its anti-photoaging and anti-melanogenesis effects were evaluated in the present study. The anti-photoaging effect was [...] Read more.
Previous studies suggested that fucoidan with a molecular weight of 102.67 kDa, isolated from Hizikia fusiforme, possesses strong antioxidant activity. To explore the cosmeceutical potential of fucoidan, its anti-photoaging and anti-melanogenesis effects were evaluated in the present study. The anti-photoaging effect was investigated in ultraviolet (UV) B-irradiated human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), where fucoidan effectively reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and improved the viability of the UVB-irradiated cells without any cytotoxic effects. Moreover, fucoidan significantly decreased UVB-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells by regulating the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-xL, PARP, and Caspase-3 in HaCaT cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The anti-melanogenesis effect of fucoidan was evaluated in B16F10 melanoma cells that had been stimulated with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and fucoidan treatment remarkably inhibited melanin synthesis in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. Further studies indicated that fucoidan significantly suppressed the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2 (TRP-1 and-2) in B16F10 cells by down-regulating microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) through regulation of the ERK–MAPK (extracellular signal regulated kinase-mitogen activated protein kinase) pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that fucoidan isolated from H. fusiforme possesses strong anti-photoaging and anti-melanogenesis activities and can be used as an ingredient in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antiphotoaging and Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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19 pages, 5300 KiB  
Article
Ameliorative Effects of Peptides from the Oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) Protein Hydrolysates against UVB-Induced Skin Photodamage in Mice
by Zhilan Peng, Beibei Chen, Qinsheng Zheng, Guoping Zhu, Wenhong Cao, Xiaoming Qin and Chaohua Zhang
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(6), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18060288 - 31 May 2020
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 4859
Abstract
Chronic exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is a major cause for skin photoaging. UVB induces damage to skin mainly by oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. This paper investigated the photo-protective effects of peptides from oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) protein hydrolysates [...] Read more.
Chronic exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is a major cause for skin photoaging. UVB induces damage to skin mainly by oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. This paper investigated the photo-protective effects of peptides from oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) protein hydrolysates (OPs) by topical application on the skin of UVB-irradiated mice. Results from mass spectrometry showed that OPs consisted of peptides with a molecular weight range of 302.17–2936.43 Da. In vivo study demonstrated that topical application of OPs on the skin significantly alleviated moisture loss, epidermal hyperplasia, as well as degradation of collagen and elastin fibers caused by chronic UVB irradiation. In this study, OPs treatment promoted antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPH-Px) activities, while decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the skin. In addition, OPs treatment significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) content, and inhibited inflammation related (iNOS, COX-2) protein expression in the skin. Via inhibiting metalloproteinase 1(MMP1) expression, OPs treatment markedly decreased the degradation of collagen and elastin fibers as well as recovered the altered arrangement of extracellular matrix network in the dermis of skin. Our study demonstrated for the first time that OPs protected against UVB induced skin photodamage by virtue of its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as regulating the abnormal expression of MMP-1. The possible molecular mechanism underlying OPs anti-photoaging is possibly related to downregulating of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, while promoting TGF-β production in the skin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antiphotoaging and Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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Review

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19 pages, 2525 KiB  
Review
From Sea to Skin: Is There a Future for Natural Photoprotectants?
by Alfonsina Milito, Immacolata Castellano and Elisabetta Damiani
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(7), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19070379 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 6167
Abstract
In the last few decades, the thinning of the ozone layer due to increased atmospheric pollution has exacerbated the negative effects of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and skin cancer has become a major public health concern. In order to prevent [...] Read more.
In the last few decades, the thinning of the ozone layer due to increased atmospheric pollution has exacerbated the negative effects of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and skin cancer has become a major public health concern. In order to prevent skin damage, public health advice mainly focuses on the use of sunscreens, along with wearing protective clothing and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours. Sunscreens present on the market are topical formulations that contain a number of different synthetic, organic, and inorganic UVR filters with different absorbance profiles, which, when combined, provide broad UVR spectrum protection. However, increased evidence suggests that some of these compounds cause subtle damage to marine ecosystems. One alternative may be the use of natural products that are produced in a wide range of marine species and are mainly thought to act as a defense against UVR-mediated damage. However, their potential for human photoprotection is largely under-investigated. In this review, attention has been placed on the molecular strategies adopted by marine organisms to counteract UVR-induced negative effects and we provide a broad portrayal of the recent literature concerning marine-derived natural products having potential as natural sunscreens/photoprotectants for human skin. Their chemical structure, UVR absorption properties, and their pleiotropic role as bioactive molecules are discussed. Most studies strongly suggest that these natural products could be promising for use in biocompatible sunscreens and may represent an alternative eco-friendly approach to protect humans against UV-induced skin damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antiphotoaging and Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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