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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Algal Research: From Cultivation to Drugs
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Algal Research: From Cultivation to Drugs

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2023) | Viewed by 13154

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nathalie Bourgougnon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Université Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France
Interests: phycology; marine molecules; extraction eco-friendly processes; antiviral agents; SAR studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Daniel Robledo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Marine Resources, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, A.P. 73 Cordemex 97310, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
Interests: marine biotechnology; marine ecology and physiology; algae; environmental biology; marine biodiversity; marine bioactive compounds; phycology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine algae are connected to their environment and confronted with different abiotic and biotic stresses. They are subject to the effects of light radiation, desiccation, salinity and temperature variations, nutrient supply, the impact of herbivores, and human activity. They are also engaged in competition for space and fight against microfouling and epiphytism. Large-scale biological screening experiments have highlighted the potential of bioactive metabolites present in extracts from marine organisms for applications in biotechnologies and the pharmaceutical, health, and wellness industry. For several decades, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral properties were revealed.

In order to preserve natural resources, “moleculture” aims to develop techniques for obtaining metabolites from living organisms: aquaculture, marine invertebrate or microorganism culture, cell culture, synthetic biology, etc. However, are these “eco-friendly” processes economically viable? This Special Issue proposes to explore and promote research specifically targeting the culture of marine organisms, including their associated microbial communities toward metabolite production. Blue biotechnology, the biorefinery concept, aquaculture, microorganisms’ culture, cell culture, and omics methods combined with various analytical experimentations of purification and evaluation of biological activities may be proposed for publication on this topic.

Prof. Dr. Nathalie Bourgougnon
Dr. Daniel Robledo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • macroalgae
  • microalgae
  • seaweed
  • aquaculture
  • IMTA
  • biorefinery
  • molecules
  • activity

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3575 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Proteins and Bioactive Compounds of Wild and Cultivated Seaweeds from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence
by Margarida M. M. Vasconcelos, Gabriela V. Marson, Laurie-Eve Rioux, Eric Tamigneaux, Sylvie L. Turgeon and Lucie Beaulieu
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21020102 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2110
Abstract
Despite the increased interest in macroalgae protein and fibers, little information is available on their bioaccessibility. The application of an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model to study the degree of disintegration and release of proteins with expressed bioactivities from wild and cultivated Palmaria [...] Read more.
Despite the increased interest in macroalgae protein and fibers, little information is available on their bioaccessibility. The application of an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model to study the degree of disintegration and release of proteins with expressed bioactivities from wild and cultivated Palmaria palmata and Saccharina latissima was proposed in this study. Macroalgae from the Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada, were submitted to digestive transit times of 2 (oral), 60 (gastric) and 120 (duodenal) minutes. Among wild samples, P. palmata had a higher percentage of disintegration, protein release and degree of hydrolysis than S. latissima. While the least digested sample, wild S. latissima, was the sample with the highest antioxidant activity (210 μmol TE g−1), the most digested sample, cultivated P. palmata, presented the highest ability to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), reaching 32.6 ± 1.2% at 3 mg mL−1. ACE inhibitory activity increased from 1 to 3 mg mL−1, but not at 5 mg mL−1. Wild samples from both species showed an ACE inhibition around 27.5%. Data suggested that the disintegration of the samples was influenced by their soluble and insoluble fiber contents. Further information on the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of these macroalgae should consider the characterization of digestion products other than protein, as well as the effects of previous product processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algal Research: From Cultivation to Drugs)
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21 pages, 3047 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Activity of Fucoidan Modified with Gallic Acid Using the Redox Method
by Keylla Dayanne Coelho Marinho de Melo, Lucas dos Santos Lisboa, Moacir Fernandes Queiroz, Weslley Souza Paiva, Ana Carolina Luchiari, Rafael Barros Gomes Camara, Leandro Silva Costa and Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(8), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20080490 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2570
Abstract
Antioxidant compounds decrease the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, consequently, reduce the deleterious effects of ROS in osteoblasts. Here, we modified a 21 kDa fucoidan (FucA) with gallic acid (GA) using the redox method, to potentiate its antioxidant/protective capacity on [...] Read more.
Antioxidant compounds decrease the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, consequently, reduce the deleterious effects of ROS in osteoblasts. Here, we modified a 21 kDa fucoidan (FucA) with gallic acid (GA) using the redox method, to potentiate its antioxidant/protective capacity on pre-osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3) against oxidative stress. The 20 kDa FucA-GA contains 37 ± 3.0 mg GA per gram of FucA. FucA-GA was the most efficient antioxidant agent in terms of total antioxidant capacity (2.5 times), reducing power (five times), copper chelation (three times), and superoxide radical scavenging (2 times). Exposure of MC3T3 cells to H2O2 increased ROS levels and activated caspase-3 along with caspase-9. In addition, the cell viability decreased approximately 80%. FucA-GA also provided the most effective protection against oxidative damage caused by H2O2. Treatment with FucA-GA (1.0 mg/mL) increased cell viability (~80%) and decreased intracellular ROS (100%) and caspase activation (~80%). In addition, Fuc-GA (0.1 mg/mL) abolished H2O2-induced oxidative stress in zebra fish embryos. Overall, FucA-GA protected MC3T3 cells from oxidative stress and could represent a possible adjuvant for the treatment of bone fragility by counteracting oxidative phenomena. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algal Research: From Cultivation to Drugs)
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18 pages, 4294 KiB  
Article
Depolymerized Fractions of Sulfated Galactans Extracted from Gracilaria fisheri and Their Antibacterial Activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi
by Manoj Tukaram Kamble, Tawut Rudtanatip, Chumporn Soowannayan, Boottoh Nambunruang, Seema Vijay Medhe and Kanokpan Wongprasert
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(8), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20080469 - 23 Jul 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2539
Abstract
Various seaweed sulfated polysaccharides have been explored for antimicrobial application. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the native Gracilaria fisheri sulfated galactans (NSG) and depolymerized fractions against the marine pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. NSG was hydrolyzed [...] Read more.
Various seaweed sulfated polysaccharides have been explored for antimicrobial application. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the native Gracilaria fisheri sulfated galactans (NSG) and depolymerized fractions against the marine pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. NSG was hydrolyzed in different concentrations of H2O2 to generate sulfated galactans degraded fractions (SGF). The molecular weight, structural characteristics, and physicochemical parameters of both NSG and SGF were determined. The results revealed that the high molecular weight NSG (228.33 kDa) was significantly degraded to SGFs of 115.76, 3.79, and 3.19 kDa by hydrolysis with 0.4, 2, and 10% H2O2, respectively. The Fourier transformed spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H− and 13C−Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses demonstrated that the polysaccharide chain structure of SGFs was not affected by H2O2 degradation, but alterations were detected at the peak positions of some functional groups. In vitro study showed that SGFs significantly exerted a stronger antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi than NSG, which might be due to the low molecular weight and higher sulfation properties of SGF. SGF disrupted the bacterial cell membrane, resulting in leakage of intracellular biological components, and subsequently, cell death. Taken together, this study provides a basis for the exploitation and utilization of low-molecular-weight sulfated galactans from G. fisheri to prevent and control the shrimp pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algal Research: From Cultivation to Drugs)
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Review

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25 pages, 1807 KiB  
Review
Fucoxanthin Production of Microalgae under Different Culture Factors: A Systematic Review
by Yam Sim Khaw, Fatimah Md Yusoff, Hui Teng Tan, Nur Amirah Izyan Noor Mazli, Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Abdul Rahman Omar and Kazutaka Takahashi
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(10), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20100592 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4180
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is one of the light-harvesting pigments in brown microalgae, which is increasingly gaining attention due to its numerous health-promoting properties. Currently, the production of microalgal fucoxanthin is not yet feasible from an economic perspective. However, the cultivation of microalgae at favourable conditions [...] Read more.
Fucoxanthin is one of the light-harvesting pigments in brown microalgae, which is increasingly gaining attention due to its numerous health-promoting properties. Currently, the production of microalgal fucoxanthin is not yet feasible from an economic perspective. However, the cultivation of microalgae at favourable conditions holds great potential to increase the viability of this fucoxanthin source. Hence, this study aimed to review the fucoxanthin production of microalgae under different conditions systematically. A literature search was performed using the Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases. A total of 188 articles were downloaded and 28 articles were selected for the current review by two independent authors. Microalgae appeared to be a more reliable fucoxanthin source compared to macroalgae. Overall, a consensus fucoxanthin production condition was obtained and proposed: light intensity ranging from 10 to 100 µmol/m2/s could achieve a higher fucoxanthin content. However, the optimal light condition in producing fucoxanthin is species-specific. The current review serves as an antecedent by offering insights into the fucoxanthin-producing microalgae response to different culture factors via a systematic analysis. With the current findings and recommendations, the feasibility of producing fucoxanthin commercially could be enhanced and possibly achieve practical and sustainable fucoxanthin production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algal Research: From Cultivation to Drugs)
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