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Marine Drugs
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Marine Lipids 2023
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Marine Lipids 2023

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 16371

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ricardo Calado

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ECOMARE & CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: fatty acids; LC-PUFA; marine invertebrates; DHA; marine biotechnology; marine aquaculture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria do Rosário Domingues

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: lipidomics; food lipidomics; bioactive lipids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lipids are key structural and functional biomolecules in marine organisms. In a time of unprecedented changes in the marine realm, lipids will be paramount in the biological processes of acclimation and adaptation to ongoing environmental shifts impacting all marine lifeforms, from microscopic organisms to megafauna. The unparalleled array of analytical tools currently available to researchers makes it possible to gain in-depth knowledge on marine lipidomes that can shed light on the chemo-diversity, metabolic pathways, and function of these biomolecules. The biodiscovery and functional understanding of marine lipids is still in its infancy, and new lipids are reported every year from marine organisms, particularly from extreme habitats, along with their biotechnological value for their nutritional, cosmeceutical, therapeutical, and other high-end applications.

This Special Issue, Marine Lipids 2023, will cover lipid-related topics from marine organisms, namely those using lipidomics and addressing new value-added products and processes associated with the biodiscovery, profiling, extraction, production, and use of these remarkable biomolecules.

Dr. Ricardo Calado
Dr. Maria do Rosário Domingues
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine lipidomics
  • marine LC-PUFA
  • marine lipids bioactivity
  • seafood fatty acids
  • marine invertebrate fatty acids
  • marine algae fatty acids
  • marine microbial fatty acids
  • fatty acid fingerprints of marine organisms

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

17 pages, 3164 KiB  
Article
Reconstruction of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Acid Synthesis Pathways in Marine Red Microalga Porphyridium cruentum Using Lipidomics and Transcriptomics
by Tao Li, Chulin Li, Weinan Wang, Hualian Wu, Houbo Wu, Jin Xu and Wenzhou Xiang
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(2), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22020082 - 9 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2164
Abstract
The marine red microalga Porphyridium can simultaneously synthesize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, EPA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4, ARA). However, the distribution and synthesis pathways of EPA and ARA in Porphyridium are not clearly understood. In this study, Porphyridium cruentum [...] Read more.
The marine red microalga Porphyridium can simultaneously synthesize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, EPA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4, ARA). However, the distribution and synthesis pathways of EPA and ARA in Porphyridium are not clearly understood. In this study, Porphyridium cruentum CCALA 415 was cultured in nitrogen-replete and nitrogen-limited conditions. Fatty acid content determination, transcriptomic, and lipidomic analyses were used to investigate the synthesis of ARA and EPA. The results show that membrane lipids were the main components of lipids, while storage lipids were present in a small proportion in CCALA 415. Nitrogen limitation enhanced the synthesis of storage lipids and ω6 fatty acids while inhibiting the synthesis of membrane lipids and ω3 fatty acids. A total of 217 glycerolipid molecular species were identified, and the most abundant species included monogalactosyldiglyceride (C16:0/C20:5) (MGDG) and phosphatidylcholine (C16:0/C20:4) (PC). ARA was mainly distributed in PC, and EPA was mainly distributed in MGDG. Among all the fatty acid desaturases (FADs), the expressions of Δ5FAD, Δ6FAD, Δ9FAD, and Δ12FAD were up-regulated, whereas those of Δ15FAD and Δ17FAD were down-regulated. Based on these results, only a small proportion of EPA was synthesized through the ω3 pathway, while the majority of EPA was synthesized through the ω6 pathway. ARA synthesized in the ER was likely shuttled into the chloroplast by DAG and was converted into EPA by Δ17FAD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Lipids 2023)
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15 pages, 1799 KiB  
Article
Shotgun-Based Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phospholipid and Triacylglycerol Molecular Species and Eicosanoids in Salmon Muscle Tissue on Feeding Microbial Oil
by JuDong Yeo, Stefanie M. Colombo, Nigel I. Guerra and Christopher C. Parrish
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22010011 - 21 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1709
Abstract
The continuous growth of aquaculture places a growing demand on alternative sources of fish oil (FO). Certain microorganisms provide a sustainable replacement for FO due to their content of EPA and DHA, which are essential for fish health. Appreciable evidence shows that changes [...] Read more.
The continuous growth of aquaculture places a growing demand on alternative sources of fish oil (FO). Certain microorganisms provide a sustainable replacement for FO due to their content of EPA and DHA, which are essential for fish health. Appreciable evidence shows that changes in feeding sources may alter the nutritional components of salmon; however, the influence of diets on lipid species remains unclear. In this study, the identification and semi-quantification of lipid molecular species in salmon muscle during feeding with a microbial oil (MO) were carried out by focusing on triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacyl-phospholipid using shotgun-based mass spectrometry analysis. DHA in the MO diet was efficiently incorporated into phospholipid structures on feeding, followed by accumulation in salmon muscle. The MO diet elevated the level of certain EPA-containing TAGs, such as TAG C52:5 (16:0_16:0_20:5) and TAG C54:6 (16:0_18:1_20:5), indicating that the MO diet may be an excellent source for enhancement of the abundance of ω3 lipids. Further, prostaglandins (PGs) PGE2 and PGF3α were identified and quantified for the first time in salmonid tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Lipids 2023)
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18 pages, 1974 KiB  
Article
Polar Lipids of Marine Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis Mitigate the LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages
by Tiago Conde, Bruno Neves, Daniela Couto, Tânia Melo, Diana Lopes, Rita Pais, Joana Batista, Helena Cardoso, Joana Laranjeira Silva, Pedro Domingues and M. Rosário Domingues
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(12), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21120629 - 6 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2371
Abstract
Microalgae are recognized as a relevant source of bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive products, lipids, mainly glycolipids, have been shown to present immunomodulatory properties with the potential to mitigate chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of polar lipids isolated [...] Read more.
Microalgae are recognized as a relevant source of bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive products, lipids, mainly glycolipids, have been shown to present immunomodulatory properties with the potential to mitigate chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of polar lipids isolated from Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis. Three fractions enriched in (1) digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), (2) monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and (3) diacylglyceryl-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and phospholipids (PL) were obtained from the total lipid extracts (TE) of N. oceanica and C. amblystomatis, and their anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by analyzing their capacity to counteract nitric oxide (NO) production and transcription of pro-inflammatory genes Nos2, Ptgs2, Tnfa, and Il1b in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. For both microalgae, TE and Fractions 1 and 3 strongly inhibited NO production, although to different extents. A strong reduction in the LPS-induced transcription of Nos2, Ptgs2, Tnfa, and Il1b was observed for N. oceanica and C. amblystomatis lipids. The most active fractions were the DGTS-and-PL-enriched fraction from N. oceanica and the DGDG-and-SQDG-enriched fraction from C. amblystomatis. Our results reveal that microalgae lipids have strong anti-inflammatory capacity and may be explored as functional ingredients or nutraceuticals, offering a natural solution to tackle chronic inflammation-associated diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Lipids 2023)
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12 pages, 1677 KiB  
Article
Unravelling the Lipids Content and the Fatty Acid Profiles of Eight Recently Described Halophytophthora Species and H. avicennae from the South Coast of Portugal
by Cristiana Maia, Thomas Jung, Aschwin Engelen, Marília Horta Jung and Luísa Custódio
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(4), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21040227 - 31 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1551
Abstract
In this study, mycelia of eight recently described species of Halophytophthora and H. avicennae collected in Southern Portugal were analysed for lipids and fatty acids (FA) content to evaluate their possible use as alternative sources of FAs and understand how each species FAs [...] Read more.
In this study, mycelia of eight recently described species of Halophytophthora and H. avicennae collected in Southern Portugal were analysed for lipids and fatty acids (FA) content to evaluate their possible use as alternative sources of FAs and understand how each species FAs profile relates to their phylogenetic position. All species had a low lipid percentage (0.06% in H. avicennae to 0.28% in H. frigida). Subclade 6b species contained more lipids. All species produced monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and saturated (SFA) FAs, the latter being most abundant in all species. H. avicennae had the highest FA variety and was the only producer of γ-linolenic acid, while H. brevisporangia produced the lowest number of FAs. The best producer of arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was H. thermoambigua with 3.89% and 9.09% of total FAs, respectively. In all species, palmitic acid (SFA) was most abundant and among the MUFAs produced oleic acid had the highest relative percentage. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed partial segregation of species by phylogenetic clade and subclade based on their FA profile. H. avicennae (Clade 4) differed from all other Clade 6 species due to the production of γ-linolenic and lauric acids. Our results disclosed interesting FA profiles in the tested species, adequate for energy (biodiesel), pharmaceutical and food industries (bioactive FAs). Despite the low amounts of lipids produced, this can be boosted by manipulating culture growth conditions. The observed interspecific variations in FA production provide preliminary insights into an evolutionary background of its production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Lipids 2023)
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15 pages, 1835 KiB  
Article
Protist–Lactic Acid Bacteria Co-Culture as a Strategy to Bioaccumulate Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Protist Aurantiochytrium sp. T66
by Luis Marileo, Jacqueline Acuña, Joaquin Rilling, Paola Díaz, Antonio Luca Langellotti, Giovanni Luca Russo, Patricio Javier Barra, Patricio Dantagnan and Sharon Viscardi
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(3), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21030142 - 23 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2585
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are aquatic unicellular protists organisms that represent an important reservoir of a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are involved in the regulation of [...] Read more.
Thraustochytrids are aquatic unicellular protists organisms that represent an important reservoir of a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are involved in the regulation of the immune system. In this study, we explore the use of co-cultures of Aurantiochytrium sp. and bacteria as a biotechnological tool capable of stimulating PUFA bioaccumulation. In particular, the co-culture of lactic acid bacteria and the protist Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 induce PUFA bioaccumulation, and the lipid profile was evaluated in cultures at different inoculation times, with two different strains of lactic acid bacteria capable of producing the tryptophan dependent auxins, and one strain of Azospirillum sp., as a reference for auxin production. Our results showed that the Lentilactobacillus kefiri K6.10 strain inoculated at 72 h gives the best PUFA content (30.89 mg g−1 biomass) measured at 144 h of culture, three times higher than the control (8.87 mg g−1 biomass). Co-culture can lead to the generation of complex biomasses with higher added value for developing aquafeed supplements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Lipids 2023)
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Review

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80 pages, 15332 KiB  
Review
Coral Lipids
by Andrey B. Imbs and Valery M. Dembitsky
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(10), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21100539 - 15 Oct 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2938
Abstract
Reef-building corals, recognized as cornerstone species in marine ecosystems, captivate with their unique duality as both symbiotic partners and autotrophic entities. Beyond their ecological prominence, these corals produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, many of which are poised to revolutionize the domains [...] Read more.
Reef-building corals, recognized as cornerstone species in marine ecosystems, captivate with their unique duality as both symbiotic partners and autotrophic entities. Beyond their ecological prominence, these corals produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, many of which are poised to revolutionize the domains of pharmacology and medicine. This exhaustive review delves deeply into the multifaceted world of coral-derived lipids, highlighting both ubiquitous and rare forms. Within this spectrum, we navigate through a myriad of fatty acids and their acyl derivatives, encompassing waxes, sterol esters, triacylglycerols, mono-akyl-diacylglycerols, and an array of polar lipids such as betaine lipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, phospholipids, and phosphonolipids. We offer a comprehensive exploration of the intricate biochemical variety of these lipids, related fatty acids, prostaglandins, and both cyclic and acyclic oxilipins. Additionally, the review provides insights into the chemotaxonomy of these compounds, illuminating the fatty acid synthesis routes inherent in corals. Of particular interest is the symbiotic bond many coral species nurture with dinoflagellates from the Symbiodinium group; their lipid and fatty acid profiles are also detailed in this discourse. This exploration accentuates the vast potential and intricacy of coral lipids and underscores their profound relevance in scientific endeavors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Lipids 2023)
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