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Machines
Special Issues
Components of Hydrostatic Drive Systems
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Components of Hydrostatic Drive Systems

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Machine Design and Theory".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 7025

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Paweł Śliwiński

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Guest Editor
Hydraulics and Pneumatics Laboratory, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
Interests: hydraulic components; water hydraulics; fluid power systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Piotr Osiński

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Technical Systems Operation and Maintenance, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: hydraulics components; vibroacoustic; fluid power systems
Dr. Mykola Karpenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Transport Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: transport machines; hydraulic drives; hydraulic pipeline systems; FEM; CFD
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrostatic systems are still some of the main and leading types of power transmission in various types of devices and machinery, both stationary and mobile. The basic components of hydrostatic drive systems are positive displacement pumps, motors, and any types or elements (valves) of control systems. The efficiency of a hydrostatic system is affected by the efficiency of its individual components, i.e., both pumps, motors, and valves. Therefore, there is a need to constantly improve the efficiency of these components.

Therefore, the already-known designs of positive displacement machines and valves are analyzed, and completely new designs are designed and developed, taking into account the latest materials and manufacturing techniques.

Particular attention should be paid to components that can be used to build hydrostatic systems dedicated to working with environmentally friendly liquids, including water.

The contributions may be focused on one or more of the following topics:

  • a methodology for the design of positive displacement pumps, motors, and valves;
  • a description of the phenomena of pumps, motors, and valves;
  • the modelling, operation, and simulation of pumps, motors, and valves;
  • the influence of working liquid types (including eco-liquids and water) on the efficiency of pumps, motors, and valves;
  • experimental research results of pumps, motors, valves, or their components;
  • new materials used in the construction of pumps, motors, and valves, and their impact on the efficiency of these components;
  • new technologies for manufacturing pump, motor, and valve components, and their impact on the efficiency of these components;
  • assessment of the state of vibration and noise emission of hydraulic components.

Prof. Dr. Paweł Śliwiński
Prof. Dr. Piotr Osiński
Dr. Mykola Karpenko
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 9580 KB  
Article
Design and Application of an Artificial Neural Network Controller Imitating a Multiple Model Predictive Controller for Stroke Control of Hydrostatic Transmission
by Hakan Ülker
Machines 2025, 13(9), 778; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13090778 - 30 Aug 2025
Viewed by 434
Abstract
The stroke control of a hydrostatic transmission (HST) is crucial for improving the energy efficiency and power variability of heavy-duty vehicles, including agricultural, construction, mining, and forestry equipment. This study introduces a new control strategy: an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller that imitates [...] Read more.
The stroke control of a hydrostatic transmission (HST) is crucial for improving the energy efficiency and power variability of heavy-duty vehicles, including agricultural, construction, mining, and forestry equipment. This study introduces a new control strategy: an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller that imitates a Multiple Model Predictive Controller (MPC). The goal is to compare their performance in controlling the HST’s stroke. The proposed controller is designed to track complex stroke reference trajectories for both primary and secondary regulations under realistic disturbances, such as engine and load torques, which are influenced by soil and road conditions for an HST system in line with a nonlinear and time-varying mathematical model. Processor-in-the-Loop simulations suggest that the ANN controller holds several advantages over the Multiple MPC and classical control strategies. These benefits include its suitability for multi-input–multi-output systems, its insensitivity to external stochastic disturbances (like white noise), and its robustness against modeling errors and uncertainties, making it a promising option for real-time HST implementation and better than the Multiple MPC scheme in terms of simplicity and computational cost-effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Components of Hydrostatic Drive Systems)
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16 pages, 3015 KB  
Article
Energy Efficiency Analysis of Hydraulic Excavators’ Swing Drive Transmission
by Vesna Jovanović, Dragoslav Janošević, Dragan Marinković, Nikola Petrović and Boban Nikolić
Machines 2025, 13(7), 596; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13070596 - 10 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 567
Abstract
The paper provides an analysis of the energy efficiency of the swing drive system of hydraulic excavators, which integrally includes a hydraulic motor and a planetary reducer. The indicator of the drive’s energy efficiency is determined based on the efficiency of the hydraulic [...] Read more.
The paper provides an analysis of the energy efficiency of the swing drive system of hydraulic excavators, which integrally includes a hydraulic motor and a planetary reducer. The indicator of the drive’s energy efficiency is determined based on the efficiency of the hydraulic motor and the planetary reducer. The efficiency of the hydraulic motor is defined as a function of the specific flow, pressure, and the number of revolutions of the hydraulic motor. The efficiency of the reducer is determined using structural analysis of planetary gearboxes and the moment method. As an example, the results of a comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of the swing drive of a tracked hydraulic excavator, weighing 16,000 kg and having a bucket volume of 0.6 m3, are presented. From the set of possible generated variant solutions of the drive, obtained through the synthesis process based on the required torque and platform rotation speed, two extreme drive variants were selected for the analysis. In the first configuration, a hydraulic motor characterized by a low specific flow is combined with a three-stage reduction gear featuring a higher overall transmission ratio, whereas the second configuration integrates a high-specific-flow hydraulic motor with a two-stage reduction gear of a lower transmission ratio. The obtained results of the comparative analysis of the drive’s energy efficiency are presented depending on the change in the required torque and the rotational speed of the platform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Components of Hydrostatic Drive Systems)
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12 pages, 2132 KB  
Article
An Improved Method for Calculating the Power Consumption of Electromagnet Coil
by Yanhe Song, Guozhao Shi, Chengze Gu, Zeyu Cao, Kaixian Ba, Yueyue Hao and Xiangdong Kong
Machines 2024, 12(9), 602; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12090602 - 30 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1377
Abstract
The electromagnet coil is an important electromagnetic conversion element, which has been used in many fields. However, due to the existence of resistance, a significant amount of energy is lost as heat, resulting in waste. So, it is necessary to study the power [...] Read more.
The electromagnet coil is an important electromagnetic conversion element, which has been used in many fields. However, due to the existence of resistance, a significant amount of energy is lost as heat, resulting in waste. So, it is necessary to study the power consumption characteristics of electromagnet coil. In order to solve the above problem, an improved calculation method of power consumption is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the power consumption model of electromagnet coil is deduced, and the influence weights of the nominal diameter, paint layer thickness and stretch ratio are analyzed by sensitivity. Secondly, an FEM finite element method simulation model and test platform of electromagnet coil are established, which are used to simulate and test the power consumption in different structures and temperatures. Finally, the results of calculation, simulation and experiment are compared. The results show that the appropriate structural parameters can effectively reduce the power consumption of electromagnet coil. Furthermore, the influence of different parameters on the power consumption is different. The relevant results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of electromagnet coil, which has a certain engineering value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Components of Hydrostatic Drive Systems)
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16 pages, 16399 KB  
Article
Investigation of Valve Seat Cone Angle on Small Opening Direct-Acting Relief Valve Cavitation Noise
by Tiechao Qiu, Liu Yang, Jiannan Zhang, Zhanqi Wang, Yanhe Song and Chao Ai
Machines 2024, 12(7), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070434 - 25 Jun 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1624
Abstract
Direct-acting relief valves are important pressure-control components in hydraulic systems; however, noise problems are now common. This study aimed to reduce and numerically analyze the valve cavitation and noise using the Zwart–Gerber–Belamri (ZBG) model with the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW–H) model to [...] Read more.
Direct-acting relief valves are important pressure-control components in hydraulic systems; however, noise problems are now common. This study aimed to reduce and numerically analyze the valve cavitation and noise using the Zwart–Gerber–Belamri (ZBG) model with the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW–H) model to optimize the design based on the sound field perspective. First, a direct-acting relief valve flow field model was established to determine the relationship between the seat structure and the degree of cavitation through a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation. Second, sound field analysis was conducted based on the cavitation and non-cavitation flow fields, respectively, and the resulting noise levels were compared. Finally, prototypes of the relief valve were manufactured, and noise levels between the original and optimized valves were compared. The results revealed that cavitation within the relief valve generated noise while optimizing the valve seat cone angle suppressed this phenomenon, thereby reducing the noise emitted by the optimized valve by 18.2 dB compared to the original valve. These findings can serve as a guide for designing and optimizing direct-acting relief valves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Components of Hydrostatic Drive Systems)
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12 pages, 2972 KB  
Article
Modelling of an In-Line Bladder-Type Hydraulic Suppressor for Pressure Ripple Reduction in Positive Displacement Pumps
by Paolo Casoli, Carlo Maria Vescovini and Massimo Rundo
Machines 2023, 11(6), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11060620 - 3 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2008
Abstract
Positive displacement pumps are widely employed for their characteristics, but the pulsating flow they produce is a major and well-known drawback. To reduce the flow ripple produced by the pump, which in turn generates a pressure ripple, many methods have been investigated, from [...] Read more.
Positive displacement pumps are widely employed for their characteristics, but the pulsating flow they produce is a major and well-known drawback. To reduce the flow ripple produced by the pump, which in turn generates a pressure ripple, many methods have been investigated, from optimising the pump geometrical features to the introduction of active and passive systems to the delivery side. A passive system that has demonstrated to be particularly effective is the in-line bladder-type hydraulic pulsation suppressor. This device, consisting of a bladder gas-charged accumulator with a singular geometry, has been the subject of several studies. This paper describes a model based on the lumped parameter method for simulating and predicting the reduction effect on the pressure ripple achieved by the hydraulic suppressor. To validate the model, an experimental study was conducted, which confirmed the good potential of the model proposed thanks to the good agreement between the modelling results and empirical data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Components of Hydrostatic Drive Systems)
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