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Lubricants
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Coatings and Lubrication in Extreme Environments
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Coatings and Lubrication in Extreme Environments

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 November 2024 | Viewed by 6595

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maryam Aramesh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
Interests: lubricants; coatings; surface engineering; manufacturing; machining; wear; friction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Critical parts used in different industries, such as aerospace, energy, transportation, and manufacturing, are often exposed to extreme environments in which they may experience elevated temperatures, conditions with high loads and strain, excessive vibrations, and/or wet or contaminated environments. Applying proper lubrication and coatings onto contact bodies operating under such extreme conditions is essential for minimizing the unavoidable friction and seizure between them, preventing severe wear and failure, and thus prolonging the lifespan of parts. Yet, the complex tribological phenomena which occur under these conditions can alter the properties and behaviour of coatings and lubricants and adversely affect their longevity and overall performance.

In this Special Issue, “Coatings and Lubrication in Extreme Environments”, we are looking for outstanding research that contributes to an in-depth understanding of these complex tribological phenomena, with a particular focus on works that study the root causes of wear and failure in coatings and lubricants under various harsh environments and propose strategies to mitigate the consequential damages. We are also looking for the latest advancements in high-performance coatings and lubricants that can resist wear in extreme environments and provide protection and lubrication under these conditions. This Special Issue will showcase solutions from researchers that will help leading industries avoid significant waste and failure and improve the operational efficiency and quality of critical parts used in extreme environments.

Dr. Maryam Aramesh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coatings
  • lubricants
  • surface and interface
  • tribology
  • friction and seizure
  • extreme operational environments

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4725 KiB  
Article
Dynamics-Based Calculation of the Friction Power Consumption of a Solid Lubricated Bearing in an Ultra-Low Temperature Environment
by Bing Su, Shuanglong Mao, Guangtao Zhang, Han Li and Yongcun Cui
Lubricants 2023, 11(9), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11090372 - 4 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 801
Abstract
Bearings operating in ultra-low-temperature environments are commonly lubricated with solid lubricants. This study first focused on measuring the traction coefficients of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) solid lubricant under various working conditions. Based on this data, the friction power consumption of the bearings [...] Read more.
Bearings operating in ultra-low-temperature environments are commonly lubricated with solid lubricants. This study first focused on measuring the traction coefficients of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) solid lubricant under various working conditions. Based on this data, the friction power consumption of the bearings was calculated and analyzed using a dynamic model. Additionally, experimental verification of the bearing friction power consumption in ultra-low temperature environments was conducted. The research findings will serve as a foundation for the application of solid lubrication bearings in ultra-low-temperature environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings and Lubrication in Extreme Environments)
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14 pages, 6232 KiB  
Article
Effects of Nitrogen Modification of Porous PVD–MoS2 Coatings on the Tribological Behavior under Rolling–Sliding Conditions in Vacuum
by Armin Seynstahl, Markus Polzer, Marcel Bartz, Sandro Wartzack and Stephan Tremmel
Lubricants 2023, 11(8), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11080335 - 8 Aug 2023
Viewed by 930
Abstract
In order to improve the tribological performance of PVD–MoS2 coatings, which are frequently used as a solid lubricant for operating in challenging environments, e.g., in a vacuum, they can be modified with nitrogen. This work evaluates the tribological behavior and a possible [...] Read more.
In order to improve the tribological performance of PVD–MoS2 coatings, which are frequently used as a solid lubricant for operating in challenging environments, e.g., in a vacuum, they can be modified with nitrogen. This work evaluates the tribological behavior and a possible compaction occurring during the initial tribological load in the rolling contact for pure and nitrogen-modified PVD–MoS2 coatings in a vacuum. Short-running tests (1000 cycles) of coated steel discs paired with uncoated steel discs made from 100Cr6 (1.3505, AISI 52100) were conducted on a two-disc tribometer. The slide-to-roll ratio of 10.5% was kept constant, while the load was varied in two steps from 1.1 GPa to 1.6 GPa. Subsequently, a comparison was made between the worn and the pristine coatings by means of nanoindentation and an optical analysis of the wear track. The formation of a load-bearing solid lubrication was achieved for both MoS2-variants. The main differences affected the material transfer and wear mechanisms. The worn coatings reached a similar wear coefficient of 4 × 10−6 mm3N−1m−1 and a possible compaction of the coatings was found, indicated through an increased indentation hardness (for MoS2 1158% and MoS2:N 96% at a 1.1 GPa load). The assumed tribological mechanism changed with nitrogen modification, but scales with increasing load. The nitrogen-modified MoS2 coating showed less compaction than pure MoS2, while the frictional behavior was improved by a 17% reduction of the coefficient of friction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings and Lubrication in Extreme Environments)
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15 pages, 9568 KiB  
Article
The Tribological Performance of Frictional Pair of Gas–Liquid Miscible Backflow Pumping Seal in Oil–Air Environment
by Shicong Li, Haoran Liao, Jun Zhao and Shuangxi Li
Lubricants 2023, 11(5), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11050220 - 14 May 2023
Viewed by 1150
Abstract
The gas–liquid miscible backflow pumping seal (G-LMBPHS) is a non-contact mechanical seal that is suitable for high-speed bearing chambers. However, the tribological properties and wear mechanisms of the frictional pair of G-LMBPHS in an oil–air environment have not yet been comprehensively studied. In [...] Read more.
The gas–liquid miscible backflow pumping seal (G-LMBPHS) is a non-contact mechanical seal that is suitable for high-speed bearing chambers. However, the tribological properties and wear mechanisms of the frictional pair of G-LMBPHS in an oil–air environment have not yet been comprehensively studied. In this study, the tribological properties of six frictional pairs, consisting of three hard materials (18Cr2Ni4WA, Al2O3 coating, and Cr2O3 coating) and two soft materials (metal-impregnated graphite [Metal-IG] and resin-impregnated graphite [Resin-IG]), were analyzed using a disc-on-disc tribometer. An oil–air environment was created using a minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) system and a closed chamber. The results show that the COF of the four frictional pairs consisting of two coatings and two graphites decreases gradually with increasing rotational speed, and the frictional pairs composed of Al2O3 coating and Resin-IG and Cr2O3 coating and Resin-IG have the lowest COF between 0.022 and 0.03. Therefore, the frictional pairs of G-LMBPHS are in a mixed lubrication condition. The lubricant in the oil–air environment is adsorbed and stored in pits on the surface of graphite and coatings, enhancing the hydrodynamic effect of the spiral grooves and reducing the COF by up to 45%. Metal-IG has better wear resistance than Resin-IG, and the frictional pair consisting of Cr2O3 coating and Metal-IG has the lightest wear. This study provides an important basis for the selection of G-LMBPHS frictional pairs in oil–air environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings and Lubrication in Extreme Environments)
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19 pages, 9330 KiB  
Article
Comparative Evaluation of the Shear Adhesion Strength of Ice on PTFE Solid Lubricant
by Emad Farahani, Andre C. Liberati, Christian Moreau, Ali Dolatabadi and Pantcho Stoyanov
Lubricants 2023, 11(3), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11030105 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1572
Abstract
The development of a durable and green icephobic coating plays a vital role in the aviation industry due to the adverse impact of ice formation on aircraft performance. The lack of study into how temperature and surface roughness impact icephobicity is the main [...] Read more.
The development of a durable and green icephobic coating plays a vital role in the aviation industry due to the adverse impact of ice formation on aircraft performance. The lack of study into how temperature and surface roughness impact icephobicity is the main problem with present icephobic coatings. This study aims to qualitatively evaluate the icephobicity performance of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solid lubricant film, as an environmentally friendly solution, with a custom-built push-off test device in different icing conditions utilizing a wind tunnel. The ice-adhesion reduction factor (ARF) of the film has been assessed in comparison to a bare aluminium substrate (Al 6061). The impact of surface energy was investigated by comparing the water contact angle (WCA), the contact angle hysteresis (CAH), and the pull-off force of the PTFE solid lubricant and Al with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results of ice shear adhesion on the PTFE solid lubricant film showed a significant reduction in the ice adhesion force at various substrate temperatures and surface roughness compared to the bare aluminium substrate. The difference in the ice adhesion between the solid lubricant and aluminium alloy was attributed to the differences in the detachment mechanism. For the PTFE-based solid lubricant, the interfacial detachment mechanism was based on the formation of interfacial blisters towards the centre of the ice. Consequently, upon continued application of the shear force, most of the energy injected would be distributed throughout the blisters, ultimately causing detachment. In the comparison of ice adhesion on PTFE solid lubricant and bare aluminium, the film showed minimal ice adhesion at −6 °C with an adhesion force of 40 N (ARF 3.41). For temperature ranges between −2 °C and −10 °C, the ice adhesion for bare aluminium was measured at roughly 150 N. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings and Lubrication in Extreme Environments)
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Review

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27 pages, 6109 KiB  
Review
Solid Lubricants Used in Extreme Conditions Experienced in Machining: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Developments and Applications
by Hiva Hedayati, Asadollah Mofidi, Abdullah Al-Fadhli and Maryam Aramesh
Lubricants 2024, 12(3), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12030069 - 23 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1526
Abstract
Contacting bodies in extreme environments are prone to severe wear and failure due to friction and seizure, which are associated with significant thermal and mechanical loads. This phenomenon greatly impacts the economy since most essential components encounter these challenges during machining, an unavoidable [...] Read more.
Contacting bodies in extreme environments are prone to severe wear and failure due to friction and seizure, which are associated with significant thermal and mechanical loads. This phenomenon greatly impacts the economy since most essential components encounter these challenges during machining, an unavoidable step in most manufacturing processes. In machining, stress can reach 4 GPa, and temperatures can exceed 1000 °C at the cutting zone. Severe seizure and friction are the primary causes of tool and workpiece failures. Liquid lubricants are popular in machining for combatting heat and friction; however, concerns about their environmental impact are growing, as two-thirds of the 40 million tons used annually are discarded and they produce other environmental and safety issues. Despite their overall efficacy, these lubricants also have limitations, including ineffectiveness in reducing seizure at the tool/chip interface and susceptibility to degradation at high temperatures. There is therefore a push towards solid lubricants, which promise a reduced environmental footprint, better friction management, and improved machining outcomes but also face challenges under extreme machining conditions. This review aims to provide a thorough insight into solid lubricant use in machining, discussing their mechanisms, effectiveness, constraints, and potential to boost productivity and environmental sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings and Lubrication in Extreme Environments)
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