Blood Rheology: Insights & Innovations

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 July 2025 | Viewed by 1966

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: hemorheology; microrheology; biomarkers; blood viscosity; microfluidics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hemorheology is the science of the rheology of blood and its constituents under stress during blood flow in the cardiovascular system, causing it to strain and activate under physiological conditions. Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are subjected to mechanical stresses in the cardiovascular system during flow that cause their deformation and chemical activation within physiological limits and beyond these limits in pathological conditions. There are many methods for studying the rheological properties of blood and its constituents. Methods based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been introduced and applied to study the mechanical properties of the blood cell membrane and PLT activation. The introduction of AFM technologies into biomedical research opens up opportunities to develop fundamentally new approaches to study the mechanical properties of blood cell membranes at different stages of ontogenesis. Microfluidics has become a prominent field for the study of blood microrheology and the mechanical properties of blood cells—erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. Many experimental and clinical studies are aimed at the changes in the rheological properties of blood in patients with various pathologies such as cerebrovascular disease of ischemic origins, stroke, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients with COVID and post-COVID, during physical exercise, etc. Experimental and clinical studies have shown the influence of blood viscosity and its determinants on blood flow. On the other hand, abnormal hemorheological changes are considered risk factors in these diseases.

This Special Issue aims to showcase research articles and review articles focusing on all aspects of clinical, applied, and basic chemorheological, micromechanical, and mechanobiological research, promising new therapeutic developments and focusing research on the effects of mechanical forces on cells, tissues, and the development of biological systems and tools.

Prof. Dr. Nadia Antonova
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hemorheology 
  • microfluidics 
  • blood viscosity 
  • mechanobiology 
  • cellular mechanics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 672 KiB  
Review
Long COVID Mechanisms, Microvascular Effects, and Evaluation Based on Incidence
by Aristotle G. Koutsiaris and Kostas Karakousis
Life 2025, 15(6), 887; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15060887 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 1709
Abstract
Since the initial reports of Long COVID symptoms, numerous pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain them; nevertheless, no consensus has been reached. Some of these mechanisms are directly linked to microcirculation, while others are related indirectly. Those with a direct connection involve [...] Read more.
Since the initial reports of Long COVID symptoms, numerous pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain them; nevertheless, no consensus has been reached. Some of these mechanisms are directly linked to microcirculation, while others are related indirectly. Those with a direct connection involve the respiratory system (such as pulmonary embolism), the cardiovascular system (including cardiac arrest, heart failure, myocardial inflammation, stroke, endothelial dysfunction, and microangiopathy), hematological conditions (like coagulopathy, deep vein thrombosis, microclots, and endothelial irregularities), and brain function. However, few of these mechanisms are grounded in quantitative data and fundamental physiological principles. Furthermore, diagnostic and therapeutic methods remain inadequate. This report provides a brief overview of these processes, focusing primarily on quantitative data, recently proposed mechanisms, and advances in microcirculation, with a special emphasis on the tissue blood supply reduction (TBSR or SR in short) mechanism. Then, the SR pathophysiological mechanism is assessed based on the total incidence rate of the Long COVID symptoms that can be directly attributed to this mechanism. The proposed SR mechanism can account for seven principal Long COVID symptoms with a total normalized incidence of 76%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blood Rheology: Insights & Innovations)
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