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Life
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Management of Patients with Diabetes
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Management of Patients with Diabetes

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2025) | Viewed by 2524

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paola Simeone

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Aging and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: diabetes mellitus; platelet activation; oxidative stress; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; microvascular diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes is the most important chronic disease in the world and it threatens the health of about 422 million people worldwide. Diabetes occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.

Nowadays, it is widely recognized that diabetes can damage blood vessels in the heart, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Also, studies have proven that diabetes can be treated and its consequences avoided or delayed with diet, physical activity, medication and regular screening and treatment for complications.

This Special Issue aims to collect studies to better understand the disease process of diabetes and its complications; and the recent advancements in interventions that can improve patient outcomes. Original research articles and review papers are welcome.

Dr. Paola Simeone
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prevention, diagnosis and therapies
  • type 2 diabetes (T2D)
  • type 1 diabetes (T1D)
  • diabetes mellitus
  • gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 787 KiB  
Article
Soluble P-Selectin as an Indicator of Cutaneous Microangiopathy in Uncomplicated Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
by Jolanta Neubauer-Geryk, Małgorzata Myśliwiec, Katarzyna Zorena and Leszek Bieniaszewski
Life 2024, 14(12), 1587; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121587 - 2 Dec 2024
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Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between cutaneous microcirculation reactivity, retinal circulation, macrocirculation function, and specific adhesion molecules in young patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. Fifty-five patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), aged 8 to 18 years, were divided into [...] Read more.
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between cutaneous microcirculation reactivity, retinal circulation, macrocirculation function, and specific adhesion molecules in young patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. Fifty-five patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), aged 8 to 18 years, were divided into subgroups based on skin microcirculation reactivity. The cutaneous microcirculatory vessels were considered reactive if post-test PORH coverage increased compared to pre-test coverage. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was conducted to detect early retinopathic changes. Macrocirculation was described using pulsatility indices (PIs) determined for common carotid (CCA) and peripheral arteries of the upper and lower limbs. The ankle–brachial index was also assessed. There were no significant differences in retinal circulation and macrocirculation between the studied subgroups. However, there were significant differences between the various subgroups concerning the age at onset of diabetes and the sP-selectin levels but not ICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. The sP-selectin differences remained true after adjusting for age at onset. The sP-selectin level was significantly higher in the subgroup of patients with non-reactive cutaneous microcirculation. The results of our study indicate that sP-selectin may be considered as an immunological marker for cutaneous abnormalities, which serve as an early indicator of endothelial dysfunction in young patients with type 1 diabetes in the absence of classical complication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Patients with Diabetes)
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11 pages, 1615 KiB  
Article
The Associations of Dental and Periodontal Lesions with the Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study
by Adina Andreea Mirea, Adela Gabriela Ștefan, Moța Maria, Diana Clenciu, Adina Mitrea, Ion Cristian Efrem, Maria Magdalena Roșu, Diana Cristina Protasiewicz-Timofticiuc, Beatrice Elena Vladu, Theodora Claudia Gheonea, Felicia Mărășescu, Moța Eugen and Ionela Mihaela Vladu
Life 2024, 14(12), 1585; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121585 - 2 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is closely related to periodontal disease and dental lesions, disorders which through dental infection and metabolic imbalance become negatively potentiated and cause a vicious circle that is almost impossible to break. The aim of this research was to study if [...] Read more.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is closely related to periodontal disease and dental lesions, disorders which through dental infection and metabolic imbalance become negatively potentiated and cause a vicious circle that is almost impossible to break. The aim of this research was to study if the severity of dental and periodontal lesions is related to the presence of microvascular complications and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: In total, 112 subjects with T2DM that underwent a dental evaluation were enrolled in this case–control study. The study group included 56 patients with complicated lesions, whereas the control group included 56 patients whose gender and age matched the study group and that presented superficial lesions. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 26.0, with the result being considered statistically significant if the p values were <0.05. Results: Statistically significant differences were recorded between the two groups regarding the value of blood glucose, HbA1c and fibrinogen, as well as kidney function. Statistically significant differences were also recorded between the two groups when analyzing the presence of microvascular complications, as well as individually analyzed, in the case of diabetic peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy (p < 0.001), but also of diabetic retinopathy (p < 0.05). This study developed a score with a predictive value for the presence of complicated dental and periodontal lesions, including blood glucose, fibrinogen, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (AUROC 0.847, p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a high frequency of dental and periodontal complications in patients with T2DM. Patients with microvascular complications, elevated fasting blood glucose, and chronic inflammation, as evidenced by elevated fibrinogen, are more likely to develop complicated dental and periodontal lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Patients with Diabetes)
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Review

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36 pages, 739 KiB  
Review
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: An Analysis Amid the Co-Occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by Ana-Maria Gheorghe, Mihaela Stanciu, Claudiu Nistor, Ioana Codruta Lebada and Mara Carsote
Life 2025, 15(4), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15040677 - 21 Apr 2025
Viewed by 212
Abstract
Background: Apart from classical elements in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), non-classical complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are reported in some patients, but currently, they do not represent a parathyroidectomy (PTx) indication. Objective: to explore the latest data regarding glucose profile, particularly, T2DM [...] Read more.
Background: Apart from classical elements in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), non-classical complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are reported in some patients, but currently, they do not represent a parathyroidectomy (PTx) indication. Objective: to explore the latest data regarding glucose profile, particularly, T2DM and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in PHPT, including post-PTx. Methods: PubMed-based review included English-published original studies between January 2020 and December 2024 (n = 20). Results: Studied population: 764,485 subjects (female-to-male ratio of 1.26:1; 23,931 were PHPT patients vs. 740,502 controls). T2DM prevalence (n = 13; N = 763,645 patients; 55.92% females): 4–60% (higher vs. controls); for the largest study (N = 699,157) of 31.3%. Age-based analysis: higher T2DM prevalence at >50 vs. <50 years (14.4% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001), but not all studies agreed. Concurrent vitamin D deficiency as a contributor to a higher risk had limited evidence. The association MetS-PHPT (n = 2) had no clear conclusion. Post-PTx showed the following: lower glycaemia, fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) improvement, and reduced rate (but not all studies agreed). PHPT patients with prediabetes might represent the population sub-group with the highest post-PTx benefit. Conclusions: The panel of PHPT-T2DM interplay remains heterogeneous. Data regarding post-PTx improvement of glucose disorders are still conflicting, recent findings suggested that surgery has beneficial effects, especially in patients with confirmed pre-existing prediabetes. Patients with the normocalcemic variant seemed to be less affected by the glucose-related disturbances, but further studies are needed. A better understanding of the intricate relationship between PHPT and glucose metabolism anomalies will help in providing optimal management to reduce the overall disease burden. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Patients with Diabetes)
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