Underwater Imaging (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Journal of Imaging (ISSN 2313-433X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1642

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
Interests: optical methods of seafloor mapping; blending techniques for the construction of photomosaics from imagery acquired underwater; seafloor structure reconstruction from multiple views; probabilistic reconstruction of color in underwater imagery
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Underwater imaging is a rapidly growing research field due to the increase in the number and sophistication of underwater platforms, such as manned submersibles, remotely operated vehicles, and autonomous underwater as well as surface vehicles. With an initial goal of the collection of imagery for subsequent annotation, underwater imaging became a tool for the construction of large area maps and the noninvasive ground-truthing of acoustic measurements. In the last decades, advances in the reconstruction of 3D scenes from imagery taken in air have encouraged researchers to develop similar techniques for underwater imagery. This proved to be a challenging task, because most cameras are designed for in-air use, and they are placed in protective housings for acquiring images underwater. Differences in the refractive indexes of air, water, and viewport material distort the images, and these distortions need to be taken into account to obtain quantitatively accurate reconstructions. The wavelength-dependent absorption of light by water presents another challenge. Color is an important cue for the recognition and classification of objects, which are indeed long-run objectives of imaging.

The goal of this Special Issue is to present the cutting edge research in the processing of underwater imagery, including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Acquisition instrumentation.
  • 3D reconstruction algorithms.
  • Color reconstruction.
  • Application of time-of-flight sensors.
  • Processing of imagery.
  • Multispectral imaging.

Prof. Dr. Yuri Rzhanov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • acquisition instrumentation
  • 3D reconstruction algorithms
  • color reconstruction underwater
  • application of time-of-flight sensors
  • multispectral imaging

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 28051 KiB  
Article
WEDM: Wavelet-Enhanced Diffusion with Multi-Stage Frequency Learning for Underwater Image Enhancement
by Junhao Chen, Sichao Ye, Xiong Ouyang and Jiayan Zhuang
J. Imaging 2025, 11(4), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040114 - 9 Apr 2025
Viewed by 326
Abstract
Underwater image enhancement (UIE) is inherently challenging due to complex degradation effects such as light absorption and scattering, which result in color distortion and a loss of fine details. Most existing methods focus on spatial-domain processing, often neglecting the frequency-domain characteristics that are [...] Read more.
Underwater image enhancement (UIE) is inherently challenging due to complex degradation effects such as light absorption and scattering, which result in color distortion and a loss of fine details. Most existing methods focus on spatial-domain processing, often neglecting the frequency-domain characteristics that are crucial for effectively restoring textures and edges. In this paper, we propose a novel UIE framework, the Wavelet-based Enhancement Diffusion Model (WEDM), which integrates frequency-domain decomposition with diffusion models. The WEDM consists of two main modules: the Wavelet Color Compensation Module (WCCM) for color correction in the LAB space using discrete wavelet transform, and the Wavelet Diffusion Module (WDM), which replaces traditional convolutions with wavelet-based operations to preserve multi-scale frequency features. By combining residual denoising diffusion with frequency-specific processing, the WEDM effectively reduces noise amplification and high-frequency blurring. Ablation studies further demonstrate the essential roles of the WCCM and WDM in improving color fidelity and texture details. Our framework offers a robust solution for underwater visual tasks, with promising applications in marine exploration and ecological monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Imaging (2nd Edition))
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9 pages, 1762 KiB  
Communication
Addressing Once More the (Im)possibility of Color Reconstruction in Underwater Images
by Yuri Rzhanov and Kim Lowell
J. Imaging 2024, 10(10), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10100247 - 8 Oct 2024
Viewed by 976
Abstract
Color is an important cue in object recognition and classification problems. In underwater imagery, colors undergo strong distortion due to light propagation through an absorbing and scattering medium. Distortions depend on a number of complex phenomena, the most important being wavelength-dependent absorption and [...] Read more.
Color is an important cue in object recognition and classification problems. In underwater imagery, colors undergo strong distortion due to light propagation through an absorbing and scattering medium. Distortions depend on a number of complex phenomena, the most important being wavelength-dependent absorption and the sensitivity of sensors in trichromatic cameras. It has been shown previously that unique reconstruction in this case is not possible—at least for a simplified image formation model. In this paper, the authors use numerical simulations to demonstrate that this statement also holds for the underwater image formation model that is currently the most sophisticated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Imaging (2nd Edition))
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