Submit to Topical Collection Review for JCM

Journal Browser

Topical Collection "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Current Status and Future Research"

Print Collection Flyer
Collection Editors
Collection Information
Keywords
Published Papers
Planned Papers

A topical collection in Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This collection belongs to the section "Hematology".

Viewed by 19469

Share This Topical Collection

Editor

Dr. Giuseppe Milone

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Department of Hematology, Catania, Italy
Interests: bone marrow transplantation; hematological malignancies; multiple myeloma; stem cell transplantation; cancer biology; lymphoma; chemotherapy; hematopoietic stem cell; transplantation; leukemia; hematopoiesis

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been widely employed in the treatment of many haematological malignancies for many years. Nevertheless, new advances have been achieved in the indications of this procedure, prevention of relapse post-transplant, donor selection and overall treatment strategy.

The main indication of allogeneic transplantation remains acute leukaemia, either myeloid or lymphoblastic. In this field, the continuous advances in the biology allow better precision in the prognosis of an increasing number of patients. Consequently, the timing of the procedure in each patient and the indication in each leukaemia subtype change continuously and, thus, this issue requires a continuous update.

New indications have recently established.

Autologous transplantation has become accepted as the treatment for autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis.
The technique of genetic modification of autologous hematopoietic stem cells has been exploited as a cure for thalassemia syndromes.
Allogeneic transplant has been proposed as the treatment of severe sickle cell anaemia.

A wide range of new antineoplastic agents have been introduced in the treatment of neoplastic diseases, and their use either before or after transplant may increase the efficacy and overall clinical results.

In acute leukaemia, Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Midostaurin, Sorafenib, Venetoclax, Decitabine, and Azacitidine are now used before and after allogeneic HSC transplant.
In lymphoma, Pembrolizumab and Brentuximab vedotin may be now used before and after autologous HSC transplant.

CAR-T cells can also be obtained from lymphocytes derived from the donor, after transplant, and this opens the way for sequential treatment.

Dr. Giuseppe Milone
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the collection website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation
autologous hematopoietic transplantation
acute leukemia
multiple sclerosis

Published Papers (13 papers)

Download All Papers

2023

Jump to: 2022

Open AccessReview

Human Leucocyte Antigen System and Selection of Unrelated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors: Impact of Patient–Donor (Mis)matching and New Challenges with the Current Technologies

Roberto Crocchiolo

and

Gianni Rombolà

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020646 - 13 Jan 2023

Viewed by 639

Abstract

The selection of hematopoietic stem cell donors for allogeneic transplantation (allo-HSCT) is mainly driven by human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matching between patient and donor, with HLA-identical matched siblings being the preferred choice in most situations. Although other clinical and demographical variables matter, especially, donor age, which is unequivocally associated with better transplant outcomes, the histocompatibility criteria have a central role in the search for the best donor, particularly in the setting of unrelated allo-HSCT where HLA disparities between patient and donor are frequent. The present review is focused on the role of HLA incompatibilities on patient outcome according to the most recent literature, in an attempt to guide transplant physicians and search coordinators during the process of adult unrelated-donor selection. The technological progresses in HLA typing, i.e., with next-generation sequencing (NGS), now allow disclosing a growing number of HLA incompatibilities associated with a heterogeneous and sometimes unknown spectrum of clinical severity. Their immunogenic characteristics, i.e., their position inside or outside the antigen recognition domain (ARD), their permissiveness, their intronic or exonic nature and even the expected expression of the HLA loci where those mismatches occur, will be presented and discussed here, integrating the advances in the immunobiology of transplantation with survival and toxicity outcomes reported in the most relevant studies, within the perspective of improving donor selection in the current practice. Full article

Open AccessArticle

Handheld Ultrasound or Conventional Ultrasound Devices in Patients Undergoing HCT: A Validation Study

Giulio Antonio Milone

and

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020520 - 08 Jan 2023

Viewed by 605

Abstract

Abdominal ultrasound exams play a major role in the diagnosis of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD). The development of portable hand-held ultrasound devices (HHUS) has been shown to facilitate the diagnosis of many diseases, but little data on the value of HHUS in the diagnosis of SOS/VOD are available. We performed a study aimed at validating portable ultrasound (US) devices in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). Sixteen evaluable patients undergoing allogeneic HCT were studied using conventional US and HHUS during the first 3 weeks after transplant. The results obtained demonstrate that there is a close correlation between conventional and handheld ultrasound examination in the measurement of the right hepatic lobe (r = 0.912, p < 0.0001), the left hepatic lobe (r = 0.843, p < 0.0001), the portal vein (PV) (r = 0.724, p < 0.0001), and the spleen (r = 0.983, p < 0.0001) based on Pearson’s correlation. The same data, analyzed through Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, evidenced a substantial level of agreement in the comparison of the spleen and right hepatic lobe, while a lower grade of agreement in the measurement of the portal vein and left hepatic lobe. Moreover, there was good agreement between results obtained by the two types of ultrasound devices in assessing ascites (p < 0.0001), gallbladder thickening (p < 0.0001), and the direction of PV flow (p < 0.0001). HHUS device allows the study of HokUs-10 parameters with an excellent agreement with conventional US, and may contribute to SOS/VOD diagnosis. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

2022

Jump to: 2023

Open AccessReview

Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD) after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Biology and Treatment Options

and

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(24), 7542; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247542 - 19 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1049

Abstract

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a serious complication occurring as a consequence of immunosuppression in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) or solid organ transplantation (SOT). The majority of PTLD arises from B-cells, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is present in 60–80% of the cases, revealing the central role played by the latent infection in the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, EBV serological status is considered the most important risk factor associated with PTLDs, together with the depth of T-cell immunosuppression pre- and post-transplant. However, despite the advances in pathogenesis understanding and the introduction of novel treatment options, PTLD arising after alloHSCT remains a particularly challenging disease, and there is a need for consensus on how to treat rituximab-refractory cases. This review aims to explore the pathogenesis, risk factors, and treatment options of PTLD in the alloHSCT setting, finally focusing on adoptive immunotherapy options, namely EBV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (EBV-CTL) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR T). Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Cryopreservation of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSC) in Transplantation from Matched Unrelated Donor (MUD)

Giuseppe Petruzzellis

and

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(14), 4114; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144114 - 15 Jul 2022

Viewed by 1011

Abstract

Background: Cryopreservation of PBSC for allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was implemented due to the current Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. The impact of match unrelated donor (MUD) graft freezing on the outcome of allo-HSCT in terms of hematological recovery, graft versus host disease (GVHD), and survival are still controversial. Methods: In this study, we compared graft composition, clinical characteristics, and outcome of 31 allo-HSCT from MUD cryopreserved PBSC (Cryo Group) with 23 matched-pair allo-HSCT from fresh MUD PBSC (Fresh Group) performed in our center between January 2020 and July 2021. Results: No significant differences were recognized in clinical characteristics of patients, donors, and transplants between the Cryo and Fresh groups except for a better prognostic comorbidity index (HCT-CI) of the Cryo group. In the Cryo Group, the median time from apheresis to cryopreservation was 46.0 h (range 23.8–53.5), while the median time from cells collection and reinfusion was 13.9 days (range 5.8–28.1). In the Fresh Group, median time from apheresis to reinfusion was 35.6 h (range 21.4–51.2). The number of viable (7-AAD negative) CD34+ cells per kg patient infused was significantly lower in the Cryo Group (5.2 ± 1.9 × 10⁶/kg vs. 7.0 ± 1.3 × 10⁶/kg; p < 0.001). Indeed, there was a 36% (11–70) median loss of viable CD34+/kg cells after freezing. All patients engrafted: median time to neutrophil engraftment (>0.5 × 10⁹/L) was 13.5 days (range 12–15) for Cryo Group and 14 days (range 13–16) days for Fresh Group (p = 0.522), while the median time to platelet engraftment (>20 × 10⁹/L) was, respectively, 14 (range 12–18) and 15 (range 12–17) days (p = 0.904). The incidence of grade ≥ 2 acute GVHD was similar in the two groups (56.5% Cryo Group vs. 60.0% Fresh Group; p = 0.832) and no differences in terms of OS (p = 0.090), PFS (p = 0.200) and TRM (p = 0.970) were observed between the Cryo and Fresh groups. Conclusions: In our series, no differences between the Cryo and Fresh groups were found in engraftment, grade ≥ 2 acute GVHD incidence, OS, PFS, and TRM despite a lower CD34+ infused dose in the Cryo Group. Frozen PBSCs could be considered a safe option also for allo-HSCT from MUD but a higher amount of PBSC should be collected to warrant an adequate viable CD34+ post-thawing. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessArticle

BeEAM High-Dose Chemotherapy with Polatuzumab (Pola-BeEAM) before ASCT in Patients with DLBCL—A Pilot Study

and

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(13), 3748; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133748 - 28 Jun 2022

Viewed by 994

Abstract

(1) Introduction: BEAM is a high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) frequently administered before autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Bendamustine replacing BCNU (BeEAM) is similarly effective at lower toxicities. However, relapse remains the major cause of death in DLBCL. (2) Methods: This is a 12-patient pilot study of the BeEAM preparative regimen with additional polatuzumab vedotin (PV, targeting CD79b) aiming to establish feasibility and to reduce toxicity without increasing the early progression rate. PV was given once at the standard dose of 1.8 mg/kg at day −6 together with BeEAM-HDCT (days −7 to −1) before ASCT. (3) Results: 8/12 patients (67%) received PV with BeEAM as a consolidation of first-line treatment, and 4/12 patients (33%) received PV with BeEAM after relapse treatment. All patients experienced complete engraftment (neutrophils: median 11 days; platelets: 13 days). Gastrointestinal toxicities occurred in 7/12 patients (58%, grade 3). All patients developed neutropenic infections with at least one identified pathogen (bacterial: 10/12 patients; viral: 2/12; and fungal: 1/12). The complete remission rate by PET-CT 100 days post-ASCT was 92%, with one mortality due to early progression. Eleven out of twelve patients (92%) were alive without progression after a median follow-up of 15 months. (4) Conclusions: Our study with 12 patients suggests that combining PV with BeEAM HDCT is feasible and safe, but the limited cohort prevents definite conclusions regarding efficacy. Larger cohorts must be evaluated. Full article

Open AccessArticle

Feasibility of Outpatient Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma and Risk Factors Predictive of Hospital Admission

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(6), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061640 - 16 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1385

Abstract

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Although outpatient ASCT has been shown to be safe and feasible, the procedure is overall rare with most patients in the US undergoing inpatient ASCT. Furthermore, hospitalization rates for patients that undergo outpatient ASCT remain high. Adequate markers that predict hospitalization during outpatient ASCT are lacking, yet would be of great clinical value to select patients that are suited to outpatient ASCT. In this study we aimed to elucidate differences between planned outpatient and inpatient ASCT and further evaluated clinical characteristics that are significantly associated with hospitalization during planned outpatient hospitalization. Factors that were significantly associated with a planned inpatient ASCT included an advanced MM disease stage, worse performance status as well as non-Caucasian race, while low albumin levels and female gender were significantly associated with hospitalization during outpatient ASCT. The results of this analysis provide crucial knowledge of factors that are associated with planned inpatient ASCT and hospitalization during outpatient ASCT and could guide the treating physician in decision-making and further facilitate outpatient transplantation. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessReview

Thrombocytopenia and Therapeutic Strategies after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

and

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(5), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051364 - 02 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1236

Abstract

Thrombocytopenia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a usual complication and can lead to high morbidity and mortality. New strategies, such as the use of another graft versus host-disease prophylaxis, alternative donors, and management of infections, have improved the survival of these patients. The mechanisms are unknown; therefore, the identification of new strategies to manage this potentially serious problem is needed. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists are currently available to stimulate platelet production. Some small retrospective studies have reported their potential efficacy in an allogeneic stem cell transplant setting, confirming good tolerability. Recent studies with higher numbers of patients also support their safety and efficacy in this setting, hence establishing the use of these drugs as a promising strategy for this post-transplant complication. However, prospective trials are needed to confirm these results. Full article

Open AccessArticle

Addition of a Single Low Dose of Anti T-Lymphocyte Globulin to Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: A Pilot Study

Elisabetta Xue

Francesca Lorentino

Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini

Fabio Giglio

Simona Piemontese

Daniela Teresa Clerici

and

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(4), 1106; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11041106 - 19 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1005

Abstract

Correlation between risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and CD3⁺ counts within the peripheral blood stem cell graft has recently been reported in the setting of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy). We aimed to investigate the benefit of the addition of a single dose of anti-T lymphocyte globulin (ATLG 5 mg/kg) to PT-Cy in this setting. Starting in 2019, all patients receiving PBSC transplant containing CD3⁺ counts above 300 × 10⁶/kg (study group) received a post-transplant dose of ATLG in addition to standard PT-Cy. The study was designed as a real-life analysis and included all consecutive Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) recipients according to the above-mentioned inclusion criterion (n = 21), excluding cord blood and bone marrow donors. Using a 1:2 matched-pair analysis, we compared the outcomes with a historical population who received PT-Cy only (control group). We found a delayed platelet engraftment (29% vs. 45% at 30 days, p = 0.03) and a non-significant trend toward higher risk of poor graft function (29% vs. 19%, p = 0.52). The addition of ATLG impacted long-term immune reconstitution on the CD4⁺ subsets, but this did not translate into higher rate of relapse or viral infection. Acute GvHD was not significantly impacted, but 1-year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was significantly lower in the study group (15% vs. 41%, p = 0.04). Survival outcomes were comparable. In conclusion PT-Cy and ATLG was overall safe and translated into a low rate of chronic GvHD incidence. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessReview

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Monocentric Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

and

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(4), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11040942 - 11 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2014

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS), commonly affecting young adults and potentially associated with life-long disability. About 14 disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are currently approved for the treatment of MS. However, despite the use of highly effective therapies, some patients exhibit a highly active disease with an aggressive course from onset and a higher risk of long-term disability accrual. In the last few years, several retrospective studies, clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews have investigated autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) as a possible therapeutic option in order to address this unmet clinical need. These studies demonstrated that AHSCT is a highly efficacious and relatively safe therapeutic option for the treatment of highly active MS. Particularly, over recent years, the amount of evidence has grown, with significant improvements in the development of patient selection criteria, choice of the most suitable transplant technique and clinical experience. In this paper, we present six patients who received AHSCT in our MS center and we systematically reviewed recent evidence about the long-term efficacy and safety of AHSCT and the placement of AHSCT in the rapidly evolving therapeutic armamentarium for MS. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessReview

Conditioning Regimens in Patients with β-Thalassemia Who Underwent Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Scoping Review

and

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(4), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11040907 - 09 Feb 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1981

Abstract

The success of transplant procedures in patients with beta-thalassemia major (β-thalassemia) goes hand-in-hand with improvements in disease knowledge, better supportive care, discoveries in immunogenetics, increase in stem cell sources, and enhancement of conditioning regimens. The aim of this scoping review was to report the evolution of conditioning regimes for β-thalassemia hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We performed a systematic search for all relevant articles published before July 2021, using the following Medical Subject Headings: “bone marrow transplantation”, “stem cell transplantation”, “allogeneic”, “thalassemia”, “β-thalassemia”, and “thalassemia major”. The final analysis included 52 studies, published between 1988 and 2021, out of 3877 records. The most common conditioning regimen was a combination of busulfan and cyclophosphamide, with successive dose adjustments or remodulation based on patient characteristics. Pre-transplant treatments, reductions in cyclophosphamide dosage, or the adoption of novel agents such as treosulphan all improved overall survival and thalassemia-free survival in transplant-related mortality high-risk patients. Conditioning regimes were modulated for those without a suitable fully matched sibling or unrelated donor, with encouraging results. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with haploidentical donors is currently available to virtually all patients with β-thalassemia. However, disparities in outcome are still present around the world. In developing and limited-resource countries, where most diagnoses are focused, transplants are not always available. Therefore, more efforts are needed to close this treatment gap. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessReview

Endothelial Dysfunction after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Review Based on Physiopathology

Giuseppe Milone

Claudia Bellofiore

Salvatore Leotta

Giulio Antonio Milone

and

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(3), 623; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030623 - 26 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2625

Abstract

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is frequently encountered in transplant medicine. ED is an argument of high complexity, and its understanding requires a wide spectrum of knowledge based on many fields of basic sciences such as molecular biology, immunology, and pathology. After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), ED participates in the pathogenesis of various complications such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), capillary leak syndrome (CLS), and engraftment syndrome (ES). In the first part of the present manuscript, we briefly review some biological aspects of factors involved in ED: adhesion molecules, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, complement, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, thrombomodulin, high-mobility group B-1 protein, nitric oxide, glycocalyx, coagulation cascade. In the second part, we review the abnormalities of these factors found in the ED complications associated with HSCT. In the third part, a review of agents used in the treatment of ED after HSCT is presented. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessArticle

C-Reactive Protein Monitoring and Clinical Presentation of Fever as Predictive Factors of Prolonged Febrile Neutropenia and Blood Culture Positivity after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation—Single-Center Real-Life Experience

and

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(2), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020312 - 09 Jan 2022

Viewed by 857

Abstract

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a medical emergency that requires urgent evaluation, timely administration of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics and careful monitoring in order to optimize the patient’s outcome, especially in the setting of both allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT). Methods: In this real-life retrospective study, a total of 49 consecutive episodes of FN were evaluated in 40 adult patients affected by either multiple myeloma (thirty-eight) or lymphoma (eleven), following ASCT, with nine patients having fever in both of the tandem transplantations. Results: Febrile neutropenia occurred a median of 7 days from ASCT. Median duration of FN was 2 days, with 25% of population that had fever for at least four days. Ten patients had at least one fever spike superior to 39 °C, while the median number of daily fever spikes was two. Twenty patients had positive blood cultures with XDR germs, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, present in seven cases. ROC analysis of peak C-reactive protein (CRP) values was conducted based on blood culture positivity and a value of 12 mg/dL resulted significant. Onset of prolonged fever with a duration greater than 3 days was associated with the presence of both a peak number of three or more daily fever spikes (p = 0.02) and a body temperature greater than 39 °C (p = 0.04) based on odds ratio (OR). Blood culture positivity and peak CRP values greater than 12 mg/dL were also associated with prolonged fever duration, p = 0.04, and p = 0.03, respectively. The probability of blood culture positivity was also greater in association with fever greater than 39 °C (p = 0.04). Furthermore, peak CRP values below the cut-off showed less probability of positive blood culture (p = 0.02). Conclusions: In our study, clinical characteristics of fever along with peak CRP levels were associated with a higher probability of both prolonged fever duration and positive blood culture, needing extended antibiotic therapy. Full article

Open AccessReview

Prevention and Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Relapse after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Salvatore Leotta

Annalisa Condorelli

Roberta Sciortino

Giulio Antonio Milone

and

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(1), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010253 - 04 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2709

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents the only curative option. Progress has been made in the last two decades in the pre-transplant induction therapies, supportive care, selection of donors and conditioning regimens that allowed to extend the HSCT to a larger number of patients, including those aged over 65 years and/or lacking an HLA-identical donor. Furthermore, improvements in the prophylaxis of the graft-versus-host disease and of infection have dramatically reduced transplant-related mortality. The relapse of AML remains the major reason for transplant failure affecting almost 40–50% of the patients. From 10 to 15 years ago to date, treatment options for AML relapsing after HSCT were limited to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy and donor leukocyte infusions (DLI). Nowadays, novel agents and targeted therapies have enriched the therapeutic landscape. Moreover, very recently, the therapeutic landscape has been enriched by manipulated cellular products (CAR-T, CAR-CIK, CAR-NK). In light of these new perspectives, careful monitoring of minimal-residual disease (MRD) and prompt application of pre-emptive strategies in the post-transplant setting have become imperative. Herein, we review the current state of the art on monitoring, prevention and treatment of relapse of AML after HSCT with particular attention on novel agents and future directions. Full article

Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

1. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis patients: do not waste time

2. Anti-HLA antibodies and Donor specific Anti-HLA Antibodies (DSA) in allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

3. How to overcome HLA diversity barrier in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: from allelic sequence identity to permissive (mis)matching

4. Prevention and treatment of Acute Leukemia Relapse after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: state of the art and future perspectives

5. Endothelium dysfunction After HSCT

6. Conditioning regimens in patients with β-Thalassemia underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a scoping review

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Topical Collection "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Current Status and Future Research"

Share This Topical Collection

Editor

Topical Collection Information

Keywords

Published Papers (13 papers)

2023

Jump to: 2022

2022

Jump to: 2023

Planned Papers

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI