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Importance of Genetic Variants for the Hepatic Metabolism of Xenobiotics

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 5612

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: molecular pharmacology; pharmacogenetics; personalized medicine; drug development; pharmacogenomics; liver diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inter-individual differences in drug response and toxicity are major issues for pharmacological therapy. Genetic variability in genes involved in hepatic metabolism constitutes a major driving force behind differences in drug pharmacokinetics. Seminal research has unraveled a plethora of associations between polymorphisms in phase 1 and phase 2 drug-metabolizing genes, as well as drug transporters with differences in drug disposition. However, a substantial fraction of the heritable variability in drug response remains unexplained. Importantly, the increasing availability of sequencing technologies has opened new avenues for pharmacogenetic studies of liver metabolism with promising prospects for the individualization of therapy.

This Special Issue aims to provide the latest research on the genetics of hepatic drug metabolism. To this end, we invite original research articles, meta-analyses, and reviews that focus on associations between genetic variability in hepatic genes and drug metabolism phenotypes. Furthermore, we welcome socioeconomic analyses of genotype-guided prescription and contributions that provide novel concepts and perspectives for the implementation of pharmacogenomics into clinical care, including evaluations of emerging technologies for point-of-care diagnostics, biobanking, as well as methods that facilitate analyses of pharmacogenomic complexity.

Dr. Volker M. Lauschke
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pharmacogenomics
  • personalized medicine
  • precision medicine
  • public health
  • cytochrome P450
  • drug metabolism
  • companion diagnostics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

21 pages, 656 KiB  
Review
In Vitro Assessment of Fluoropyrimidine-Metabolizing Enzymes: Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase, Dihydropyrimidinase, and β-Ureidopropionase
by Eiji Hishinuma, Evelyn Gutiérrez Rico and Masahiro Hiratsuka
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(8), 2342; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082342 - 22 Jul 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5278
Abstract
Fluoropyrimidine drugs (FPs), including 5-fluorouracil, tegafur, capecitabine, and doxifluridine, are among the most widely used anticancer agents in the treatment of solid tumors. However, severe toxicity occurs in approximately 30% of patients following FP administration, emphasizing the importance of predicting the risk of [...] Read more.
Fluoropyrimidine drugs (FPs), including 5-fluorouracil, tegafur, capecitabine, and doxifluridine, are among the most widely used anticancer agents in the treatment of solid tumors. However, severe toxicity occurs in approximately 30% of patients following FP administration, emphasizing the importance of predicting the risk of acute toxicity before treatment. Three metabolic enzymes, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), and β-ureidopropionase (β-UP), degrade FPs; hence, deficiencies in these enzymes, arising from genetic polymorphisms, are involved in severe FP-related toxicity, although the effect of these polymorphisms on in vivo enzymatic activity has not been clarified. Furthermore, the clinical usefulness of current methods for predicting in vivo activity, such as pyrimidine concentrations in blood or urine, is unknown. In vitro tests have been established as advantageous for predicting the in vivo activity of enzyme variants. This is due to several studies that evaluated FP activities after enzyme metabolism using transient expression systems in Escherichia coli or mammalian cells; however, there are no comparative reports of these results. Thus, in this review, we summarized the results of in vitro analyses involving DPD, DHP, and β-UP in an attempt to encourage further comparative studies using these drug types and to aid in the elucidation of their underlying mechanisms. Full article
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