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Current Challenges and Innovations in Spine Deformity: Biomechanics, Imaging and AI-Driven Analysis

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Orthopedics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 476

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
Interests: spine surgery; spine deformity; minimally invasive surgery; patients-tailored treatment; medical imaging; artificial intelligence; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Spinal deformities, including scoliosis, kyphosis, sagittal imbalance, and cervical deformities, remain complex challenges in modern spine surgery. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and imaging modalities, optimizing patient outcomes through precise diagnosis, biomechanical understanding, and innovative treatment strategies is an ongoing endeavor. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and medical imaging offer new opportunities for refining spinal deformity assessment and enhancing surgical planning.

This Special Issue aims to explore the intersection of biomechanics, imaging, and AI-driven analysis in spinal deformity research, with a particular focus on both spinal and cervical deformities. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, posture-related spinal and cervical alignment changes, the role of imaging modalities in deformity classification, AI-based phenotyping and prediction models, and novel surgical approaches guided by computational analysis. Contributions integrating clinical, radiographic, and computational methodologies are particularly encouraged.

By bringing together multidisciplinary research efforts, this Special Issue seeks to address key challenges in spinal and cervical deformity management, improve diagnostic accuracy, and advance personalized treatment strategies. We welcome original research, systematic reviews, and technical advancements that contribute to the evolving understanding of spinal and cervical deformities and their clinical implications.

Dr. Dong-Ho Kang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • spinal deformity
  • cervical deformity
  • biomechanics
  • postural alignment
  • sagittal imbalance
  • medical imaging
  • radiographic analysis
  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning
  • deep learning
  • phenotyping
  • computer-assisted diagnosis
  • predictive modeling
  • surgical planning

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1804 KB  
Article
Distal Adding-On as a Natural Shoulder Rebalancing Mechanism in Lenke Type 2A AIS with Right Sacral Slanting
by Jae-Hyuk Yang, Jae Min Park, Hyukjune Seong, Chang Ju Hwang and Hyung Rae Lee
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 6850; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14196850 - 27 Sep 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Distal adding-on (DA) is a common postoperative phenomenon in Lenke type 2A adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) is a clinically significant issue following AIS correction, as it may lead to aesthetic dissatisfaction, functional impairment, and reduced quality of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Distal adding-on (DA) is a common postoperative phenomenon in Lenke type 2A adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) is a clinically significant issue following AIS correction, as it may lead to aesthetic dissatisfaction, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life. This study investigated radiographic changes in DA and shoulder balance in Lenke type 2A AIS, particularly focusing on distal wedge angle (DWA) and radiologic shoulder height (RSH) in patients with right sacral slanting (RSS). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 120 patients with Lenke type 2A AIS who underwent posterior spinal fusion. Patients were grouped by sacral slanting: right (RSS), left (LSS), or none (NS). Radiographic parameters including proximal thoracic curve angle, main thoracic curve angle, DWA, RSH were assessed at multiple time points. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with DA. Results: The RSS group consistently showed the highest DWA and the greatest incidence of DA. RSH initially exceeded the PSI threshold in all groups but decreased to approximately 10 mm by final follow-up. In the RSS group, the inverse relationship between increasing DWA and decreasing RSH was most pronounced. Univariate regression identified postoperative RSH and sacral slanting angle as significant predictors of DWA, though not in the final multivariate model. Conclusions: In Lenke type 2A AIS with RSS, an increasing DWA and decreasing RSH over time suggest that DA may serve as a compensatory mechanism for PSI. Sacral slanting and postoperative RSH may be relevant predictors of this dynamic alignment change. Full article
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