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Non-Invasive Respiratory Support: Current Insights and Future Directions

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Respiratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 441

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fondazione Istituto “G. Giglio” Cefalù, 90100 Cefalù, Italy
Interests: anesthesia; mechanical ventilation; critical care; perioperative care

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Fondazione Istituto “G. Giglio” Cefalù, 90100 Cefalù, Italy
2. Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences "UniCamillus", 00131 Rome, Italy
Interests: intensive care; respiratory failure; noninvasive ventilation; anesthesiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of noninvasive respiratory supports (NRSs) has undoubtedly revolutionized clinical practice. The last few decades have witnessed the extended application of NRSs to a variety of acute and chronic lung diseases, where continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) can be applied with favorable results. A significant advantage of NRSs resides in their ability to decrease the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and the subsequent complications. Hence, the recognition of these potentialities has incentivized NRS strategies in different settings and clinical scenarios. In addition, the evolving advancements in technology and personalized approaches to patients treated with NRSs should guide clinicians to prioritize a patient-centered care model.

In this Special Issue, we intend to explore the latest advancements and innovations in the use of NRS in clinical practice, focusing on the following key domains:

  • The physiology and pathophysiology of the respiratory system in patients treated with NRS;
  • Strategies to improve adherence to NRS treatment (e.g., interfaces, ventilation modalities, sedation, etc.);
  • NRS application in the perioperative setting;
  • NRS use for the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure;
  • NRS and weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation;
  • The use of NRS for chronic respiratory conditions and home-care ventilation;
  • Personalized approaches to NRS treatment.

Dr. Giovanni Misseri
Prof. Dr. Cesare Gregoretti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • respiratory failure
  • high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC)
  • noninvasive ventilation (NIV)
  • noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)
  • hypoxia
  • perioperative care
  • weaning
  • ICU
  • respiratory care
  • respiratory physiology
  • pneumology
  • home-care ventilation
  • artificial intelligence
  • personalized medicine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

17 pages, 627 KiB  
Review
Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Pre-Oxygenation of Critically Ill Patients Before Intubation
by Luigi La Via, Giuseppe Cuttone, Tarek Senussi Testa, Gilberto Duarte-Medrano, Natalia Nuno-Lambarri, Cristian Deana, Antonino Maniaci, Daniele Salvatore Paternò, Ivana Zdravkovic and Massimiliano Sorbello
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5356; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155356 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 203
Abstract
Pre-oxygenation is the key step prior to endotracheal intubation, particularly in a critically ill patient, to prevent life-threatening peri-procedural hypoxemia. This narrative review explores the emerging interest of Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) as a pre-oxygenation modality in the intensive care unit (ICU) [...] Read more.
Pre-oxygenation is the key step prior to endotracheal intubation, particularly in a critically ill patient, to prevent life-threatening peri-procedural hypoxemia. This narrative review explores the emerging interest of Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) as a pre-oxygenation modality in the intensive care unit (ICU) context. We reviewed data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies published from 2000 to 2024 that compare NIPPV to conventional oxygen therapy and High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen (HFNCO). The pathophysiological mechanisms for the successful use of NIPPV, including alveolar recruitment, the decrease of shunting, and the maintenance of functional residual capacity, were reviewed in depth. Existing studies show that NIPPV significantly prolongs the apnea time, reduces the rate of peri-intubation severe hypoxaemia in selected patients and is especially effective for patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure. Nevertheless, appropriate patient selection is still crucial because some diseases can contraindicate or even be harmful with NIPPV. We further discussed the practical aspects of how to use this ventilatory support (the best ventilator settings, which interface, and when to apply it). We lastly discuss unanswered questions and offer suggestions and opportunities for future exploration in guiding the role of NIPPV use in the pre-oxygenation of the critically ill patient requiring emergent airway management. Full article
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