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Clinical Research in Neuro-Ophthalmology
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Clinical Research in Neuro-Ophthalmology

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2026 | Viewed by 509

Editors

Dr. Eun Hee Hong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
Interests: neuro-ophthalmology; optic neuropathy; retinal ganglion cell; pediatric ophthalmology; strabismus; epidemiology; imaging
Dr. Hyuna Kim

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: neuro-ophthalmology; optic neuropathy; nystagmus; pediatric ophthalmology; strabismus; myopia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are thrilled to introduce ‘Clinical Research in Neuro-Ophthalmology’, a Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine dedicated to advancing the evidence base for neuro-ophthalmologic care.

Neuro-ophthalmology is an interdisciplinary field integrating neurology and ophthalmology to address visual dysfunction arising from disorders of the visual pathways. Recent advances in neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and artificial intelligence (AI) have expanded diagnostic and analytical capabilities. However, bridging the gap between technological innovation and clinical practice requires robust, reproducible research. This Special Issue invites high-quality clinical studies that provide concrete insights into the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of neuro-ophthalmic conditions.

This Special Issue focuses on high-quality clinical research that advances understanding of neuro-ophthalmic disease mechanisms, diagnostics, and management. In line with the scope of the Journal of Clinical Medicine, submissions should emphasize reproducibility, detailed methodological reporting, and clear clinical relevance. The Special Issue explicitly welcomes studies reporting meaningful negative or neutral results, as well as AI-based investigations that are well validated and clinically interpretable.

By encouraging the publication of both positive and negative findings, this Special Issue aims to minimize research redundancy and promote a comprehensive evidence base in neuro-ophthalmology. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, optic neuropathies, papilledema and intracranial hypertension, neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders affecting vision, ocular motility and visual pathway disorders, AI-assisted imaging or electrophysiological analysis, clinical trials, real-world studies, and systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Contributions from diverse global perspectives are encouraged, and we eagerly look forward to receiving your valuable research.

Dr. Eun Hee Hong
Dr. Hyuna Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neuro-ophthalmology
  • optic neuropathy
  • visual pathway
  • biomarker
  • clinical research
  • epidemiologic study
  • AI

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1735 KB  
Article
Association Between Peripheral IL-2+Th1/CD4+Tregs Axis Imbalance and Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy in Thyroid Eye Disease
by Zelu Wang, Zhenyu Piao, Tianyuan Li, Jia Zhang, Xiaoxia Li, Liang Fu, Mingwei Zhao, Wenzhen Yu, Lvzhen Huang and Fan Su
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(13), 5283; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15135283 - 6 Jul 2026
Abstract
Background/Objective: Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy (DON) is a severe complication of Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) leading to irreversible visual impairment. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, and early predictive tools are lacking. The study aims to investigate peripheral immune characteristics associated with DON, focusing on the [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy (DON) is a severe complication of Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) leading to irreversible visual impairment. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, and early predictive tools are lacking. The study aims to investigate peripheral immune characteristics associated with DON, focusing on the IL-2+Th1/CD4+Tregs axis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 37 TED patients, including DON (n = 22) and non-DON (n = 15) groups. Peripheral blood immune cell subsets were quantified using flow cytometry. Clinical data and peripheral blood immune indicators including T cell subsets, B cell subsets, T helper (Th) cell subsets, and regulatory T (Treg) cells populations were analyzed. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate associations between immune indicators and DON. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the discriminatory performance of candidate variables and exploratory combined models. Results: Patients with DON showed higher IL-2+Th1 levels and lower CD4+Tregs levels compared with non-DON patients, along with an increased IL-2+Th1/CD4+Tregs ratio. Age and clinical activity score also differed significantly between groups. The IL-2+Th1/CD4+Tregs axis showed significant alterations associated with DON. The exploratory logistic regression model combining immune and clinical indicators showed potential discriminatory ability in differentiating DON from non-DON patients. Conclusions: This study identifies an imbalance between IL-2+Th1 and CD4+Tregs as a potential immune signature associated with DON. Integration of immune and clinical features may provide an exploratory framework for risk stratification in TED. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Research in Neuro-Ophthalmology)
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11 pages, 835 KB  
Article
Reliability of Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness Measurements Across Scan Protocols in Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
by Nik Krajnc, Martin Bertich, Fabian Föttinger, Stefan Macher, Felix Konstantin Schwarz, Christoph Stapf, Berthold Pemp and Gabriel Bsteh
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(11), 3999; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15113999 - 22 May 2026
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Abstract
Objective: We aimed to assess whether modified OCT acquisition parameters improve GCIPL measurement reliability. Methods: Participants with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent OCT (Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) at baseline and after two and [...] Read more.
Objective: We aimed to assess whether modified OCT acquisition parameters improve GCIPL measurement reliability. Methods: Participants with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent OCT (Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) at baseline and after two and four weeks. At each visit, five macular scan protocols were acquired: standard (49 lines, high-speed [HS], automated real-time tracking [ART]: 9), high-ART (49 lines, HS, ART: 50), high-lines (97 lines, HS, ART: 9), high-resolution (49 lines, high-resolution [HR], ART: 9), and maximum (97 lines, HR, ART: 50). Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Absolute test–retest reproducibility was quantified using the mean absolute difference (MAD). Results: Thirty-eight eyes from nine PwMS (mean age 34.1 ± 8.0 years, 44.4% female) and ten HC (31.7 ± 11.1 years, 50.0% female) were included. At baseline, mean GCIPL thickness ranged from 70.8 µm to 71.5 µm across protocols, demonstrating excellent inter-protocol agreement (ICC 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–0.99; p < 0.001) and only marginally higher values with increased ART. Test–retest reliability was excellent for all protocols, demonstrating marginally lower absolute measurement variability of high-ART and high-lines protocols (MAD 0.26–0.27; 95% CI: 0.21–0.32), while temporal agreement remained excellent and comparable across acquisition settings. Mean acquisition time ranged from 10.6 ± 1.6 s for the standard protocol to 231.9 ± 36.4 s for the maximum protocol. Conclusions: All OCT acquisition protocols demonstrated excellent inter-protocol and test–retest reliability for GCIPL measurements. The high-lines protocol provides the most favourable balance between measurement reliability and acquisition time, supporting its potential utility for longitudinal GCIPL monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Research in Neuro-Ophthalmology)
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