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Patient-Oriented Treatments for Bipolar Disorder
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Patient-Oriented Treatments for Bipolar Disorder

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 10121

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Luca Steardo Jr.

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: bipolar disorder; lithium; psychopharmacology; sleep disturbance; high risk

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue seeks to bring together a collection of high-quality research articles that shed light on patient-centered interventions, novel therapeutic strategies, and advancements in the field of bipolar disorder treatment. We invite submissions from researchers, clinicians, and experts in the field to contribute their original research findings, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.

This Special Issue will focus on various aspects of patient-oriented treatments, including, but not limited to, psychotherapy approaches, pharmacological interventions, psychosocial interventions, digital health technologies, and lifestyle modifications. We encourage submissions that emphasize evidence-based practices, personalized medicine, and interventions that address the unique challenges faced by individuals with bipolar disorder.

Please note that this Special Issue will not consider mini-reviews or case reports. Instead, we encourage comprehensive research studies that provide valuable insights into the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of patient-oriented treatments for bipolar disorder.

We look forward to receiving your contributions and making this Special Issue a platform for advancing the understanding and management of bipolar disorder from a patient-centered perspective.

Dr. Luca Steardo Jr.
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bipolar disorder
  • patient-centered care
  • psychoeducation
  • cognitive–behavioral therapy
  • mood stabilizers
  • self-management strategies
  • digital therapeutics
  • early intervention programs

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 731 KiB  
Communication
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Managing Bipolar Disorder: A New Frontier in Patient Care
by Jelena Milic, Iva Zrnic, Edita Grego, Dragana Jovic, Veroslava Stankovic, Sanja Djurdjevic and Rosa Sapic
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(7), 2515; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072515 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 902
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and chronic mental health condition that poses significant challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. Traditional treatment methods, including medication and therapy, remain vital, but there is increasing interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and chronic mental health condition that poses significant challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. Traditional treatment methods, including medication and therapy, remain vital, but there is increasing interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance BD management. AI has the potential to improve mood episode prediction, personalize treatment plans, and provide real-time support, offering new opportunities for managing BD more effectively. Our primary objective was to explore the potential role of AI in transforming the management of BD, specifically in mood tracking, prediction, and personalized treatment regimens. Methods: To explore the potential role of AI in transforming BD management, we conducted a review of recent literature using key search terms. We included studies that discussed AI applications in mood tracking, prediction, and treatment personalization. The studies were selected based on their relevance to AI’s role in BD management, with attention to the PICO criteria: Population—individuals diagnosed with BD; Intervention—AI tools for mood prediction, treatment personalization, and real-time support; Comparison—traditional treatment methods (when available); Outcome—measures of mood episode prediction, treatment effectiveness, and improvements in patient care. Results: The findings from recent research reveal promising developments in the use of AI for BD management. Studies suggest that AI-powered tools can enable more proactive and personalized care, improving treatment outcomes and reducing the burden on healthcare professionals. AI’s ability to analyze data from wearable devices, smartphones, and even social media platforms provides valuable insights for early detection and more dynamic treatment adjustments. Conclusions: While AI’s application in BD management is still in its early stages, it presents transformative potential for improving patient care. However, further research and development are crucial to fully realize AI’s potential in supporting BD patients and optimizing treatment efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patient-Oriented Treatments for Bipolar Disorder)
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15 pages, 728 KiB  
Communication
The Impact of Patient-Centered Care in Bipolar Disorder: An Opinion on Caregivers’ Quality of Life
by Jelena Milic, Iva Zrnic, Milica Vucurovic, Edita Grego, Dragana Jovic, Veroslava Stankovic and Rosa Sapic
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(7), 2209; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072209 - 24 Mar 2025
Viewed by 596
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Our background comprises the previously identified consequences of bipolar disorder’s chronicity, which significantly affects not only the patients but also their caregivers, leading to challenges in caregivers’ physical, emotional, and financial well-being. This impact on caregivers’ quality of life (QOL) is [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Our background comprises the previously identified consequences of bipolar disorder’s chronicity, which significantly affects not only the patients but also their caregivers, leading to challenges in caregivers’ physical, emotional, and financial well-being. This impact on caregivers’ quality of life (QOL) is often overlooked in the context of patient-centered care for bipolar disorder. Our objective was to explore how patient-centered care in bipolar disorder management affects caregivers, with a focus on improving both patient and caregiver outcomes. Methods: We performed a thematic qualitative synthesis of reviewed literature and case studies to explore the intersection of patient-centered care in bipolar disorder management and its impact on caregivers. This comprehensive review allowed us to identify key behavioral patterns and emotional fluctuations in patients that significantly affect caregiver well-being, with a focus on the challenges caregivers face due to the unpredictability of mood episodes and the lack of adequate support in current care models. Results: In the results, we identified that while patient-centered care enhances patient outcomes, it also exacerbates the strain on caregivers if their needs are not adequately addressed. Specific behavioral pathways and emotional fluctuations in bipolar disorder impact caregivers, such as the unpredictability of mood episodes, cognitive distortions during manic and depressive phases, and the emotional toll of managing crises. This article also emphasizes the role of patient-centered care, which places the patient at the core of treatment decisions, but often neglects the strain placed on caregivers. Conclusions: We conclude that a holistic approach to care, which includes caregiver support and resources, is essential for improving the QOL of both patients and caregivers. Future research is needed to develop strategies and interventions that better support caregivers and enhance their overall well-being, ensuring that patient care models are truly comprehensive. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patient-Oriented Treatments for Bipolar Disorder)
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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 890 KiB  
Communication
Short Communication on Proposed Treatment Directions in Bipolar Disorder: A Psychotherapy Perspective
by Jelena Milic, Iva Zrnic, Milica Vucurovic, Edita Grego, Sanja Djurdjevic and Rosa Sapic
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(6), 1857; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061857 - 10 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1262
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, severe mental health condition characterized by episodes of mood instability, including manic and depressive episodes. While pharmacological interventions remain foundational in BD treatment, psychotherapy offers significant benefits by addressing the psychological and behavioral components that [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, severe mental health condition characterized by episodes of mood instability, including manic and depressive episodes. While pharmacological interventions remain foundational in BD treatment, psychotherapy offers significant benefits by addressing the psychological and behavioral components that contribute to mood episodes and overall functioning. The primary objective of this short communication is to propose new directions in psychotherapy for treating bipolar disorder, focusing on integrative models that combine evidence-based therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT), Family-Focused Therapy (FFT), and mindfulness-based approaches. By integrating these therapies, clinicians can target both cognitive distortions and emotional dysregulation while simultaneously stabilizing sleep–wake cycles and improving interpersonal functioning. The secondary objective emphasizes the importance of better understanding and psychoeducation in family therapy, which can promote a better understanding of BD among family members and ensure more effective management of the disorder in daily life. Methods: We explore the potential of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT), Family-Focused Therapy (FFT), and mindfulness-based interventions in enhancing symptom management and preventing relapse. Results: We identified psychoeducation and family therapy as critical components in supporting patients and improving treatment adherence. These therapeutic interventions play a pivotal role in enhancing patient engagement, improving coping strategies, and facilitating better overall treatment outcomes. Conclusions: We propose a multidisciplinary approach, integrating psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy, to optimize long-term outcomes and improve the overall quality of life for individuals with bipolar disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patient-Oriented Treatments for Bipolar Disorder)
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Figure A1

11 pages, 628 KiB  
Article
An e-Health Psychoeducation Program for Managing the Mental Health of People with Bipolar Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study
by Alessandra Perra, Federica Sancassiani, Elisa Cantone, Elisa Pintus, Silvia D’Oca, Alessio Casula, Sara Littarru, Sara Zucca, Davide Tumolillo, Irene Pinna, Diego Primavera, Giulia Cossu, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Goce Kalcev and Mauro Giovanni Carta
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(12), 3468; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123468 - 14 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1643
Abstract
Background: Social rhythm dysregulation has been identified as a determining factor in bipolar disorder (BD) relapses. It directly impacts individuals’ quality of life (QoL). This study aims to present preliminary data on the efficacy of an e-health psychoeducational intervention for BD for improving [...] Read more.
Background: Social rhythm dysregulation has been identified as a determining factor in bipolar disorder (BD) relapses. It directly impacts individuals’ quality of life (QoL). This study aims to present preliminary data on the efficacy of an e-health psychoeducational intervention for BD for improving clinical outcomes. Methods: This study used an open-label, crossover, randomized controlled trial design. The inclusion criteria consisted of a BD diagnosis, affiliation with the Consultation Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Center at the University Hospital in Cagliari, Italy, age over 18, and the obtaining of informed consent. Anxiety and depressive symptoms, QoL, and social and biological rhythms were measured using standardized instruments validated in Italian. Results: A total of 36 individuals were included in the experimental group (EG) and 18 in the control group (CG). The final sample consisted of 25 in the EG and 14 in the CG. A statistically significant improvement in QoL was found in the EG post-treatment (p = 0.011). Significant correlations were found between QoL and the dysregulation of biorhythms in the EG at T0 (p = 0.0048) and T1 (p = 0.0014). Conclusions: This study shows that, during extreme distress, an e-health group psychoeducation intervention for people with BD could significantly improve the perception of QoL. The results must be confirmed by studies conducted with larger-sized samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patient-Oriented Treatments for Bipolar Disorder)
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Figure 1

9 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Complex PTSD on Suicide Risk in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Anna Maria Iazzolino, Marta Valenza, Martina D’Angelo, Grazia Longobardi, Valeria Di Stefano, Giulia Visalli, Luca Steardo, Caterina Scuderi and Luca Steardo, Jr.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 673; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030673 - 24 Jan 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4650
Abstract
Background: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are more likely than the general population to experience traumatic events, particularly during childhood, and these may predict and be a risk factor for the development of complex PTSD (cPTSD). The presence of multiple traumas plays a [...] Read more.
Background: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are more likely than the general population to experience traumatic events, particularly during childhood, and these may predict and be a risk factor for the development of complex PTSD (cPTSD). The presence of multiple traumas plays a relevant role from a psychopathological point of view, but little is known about the effect this may have on suicide attempts in patients with BD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, recruiting 344 patients diagnosed with BD I and II, screened for the presence (or absence) of cPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Suicide attempts were assessed directly during the clinical interview and from the patient’s medical record. Results: The results emerging from the study indicate that cPTSD can be considered a risk factor for suicide attempts in patients with BD. Furthermore, evidence is provided to support the idea that cPTSD is highly prevalent in patients with BD and is related to a higher psychopathological burden. Conclusions: The results recommend an urgent and comprehensive assessment of suicidal risk in patients with comorbidity of both bipolar disorder and cPTSD. There is a crucial demand for early intervention initiatives and proactive prevention strategies to address the intricate intersection of these mental health challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patient-Oriented Treatments for Bipolar Disorder)
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