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Viral Hepatitis Treatment and Management
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Viral Hepatitis Treatment and Management

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2023) | Viewed by 4557

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jun Li

E-Mail
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
Interests: viral hepatitis; liver failure; regenerative medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral hepatitis is a major global public health problem due to the risk of progression to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, in particular hepatitis B and C. More than 325 million cases of infection have been identified globally, and each year, more than 1.3 million people die from viral hepatitis. The WHO set the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. This includes optimizing measures to prevent disease transmission and improving the strategies of treatment and management. Over the last few decades, the clinical treatment and management of these infections have evolved rapidly, such as the immunization program and the development of curative hepatitis C treatment. However, drugs that cure hepatitis B are still missing. Moreover, patients infected with HBV or HCV are usually unaware of their infection, as they do not have well-defined symptoms before complications emerge, which may lead to an advanced stage of liver disease and further complicates the development of treatment and management strategies. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic has also hampered the management of people with viral hepatitis, as it was reported to lead to a reduction in testing and initiation of treatments.

This Special Issue focuses not only on the treatments currently available and future developments, but also on the still unmet needs in the management of the complications and special patient populations. The works include but not limited to the advancement of treatment and management in viral hepatitis, pathogenesis and mechanisms against viral infection, animal models and organoids for viral hepatitis, identification of biomarkers, and treatment and management for viral hepatitis-related complications and advanced stages, such as liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Prof. Dr. Jun Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viral hepatitis
  • treatment and management
  • pathogenesis and mechanism
  • immunity
  • animal models and organoids
  • complications
  • liver cirrhosis
  • liver failure
  • COVID-19 hepatitis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 940 KiB  
Article
Unusual Surge of Acute Hepatitis A Cases in 2016 and 2017 in Malaga, Southern Spain: Characterization and Relationship with Other Concurrent European Outbreaks
by Paula Bardón De Tena, Silvana Teresa Tapia Paniagua, José Alberto Vico Sevilla, Encarnación Clavijo, Eduardo Martínez Manzanares and Carmen Maria Gonzalez-Domenech
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6613; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206613 - 19 Oct 2023
Viewed by 921
Abstract
We aimed to describe the Hepatitis A virus (HAV) cases that arose in Malaga (Spain) in 2016 and 2017 when the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reported several outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM). Therefore, we conducted [...] Read more.
We aimed to describe the Hepatitis A virus (HAV) cases that arose in Malaga (Spain) in 2016 and 2017 when the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reported several outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM). Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study gathering demographic, clinical, and immunological data from the acute HAV patients attending our hospital between March 2016 and December 2017. Additionally, VP1/P2A region was amplified from serum samples, sequenced, and genotyped. We finally performed a phylogenetic analysis, including the HAV strains from the other European outbreaks. A total of 184 HAV cases were reported, with the highest number in March 2017. The cohort mostly comprised Spaniards (81.0%), males (84.8%), and MSM (72.3%), with a median age of 33.0 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 25.0–43.0). Most patients exhibited symptoms. In addition, a successful amplification and sequencing of the VP1/P2A region was performed in 25 out of 106 serum samples (23.6%). All the sequences belonged to the genotype IA, and 20 were phylogenetically related to VRD_521_2016, first described in the United Kingdom (UK). In conclusion, HAV cases emerged in Malaga in 2016 and 2017, showing an epidemic character phylogenetically related to the predominant strain first detected in the UK. Characteristics of the cohort were similar to those from the European outbreaks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis Treatment and Management)
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18 pages, 2944 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Long-Term Outcomes of Direct Acting Antiviral Agents in Chronic Kidney Disease Subjects: A Single Center Cohort Study
by Paulina Czarnecka, Kinga Czarnecka, Olga Tronina, Teresa Bączkowska, Aleksandra Wyczałkowska-Tomasik, Magdalena Durlik and Katarzyna Czerwinska
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(10), 3513; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12103513 - 17 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1088
Abstract
Background: The chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, including kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and subjects on renal replacement therapy, is particularly vulnerable to unfavorable outcomes from chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Currently, there are oral direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) available to eradicate the virus with [...] Read more.
Background: The chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, including kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and subjects on renal replacement therapy, is particularly vulnerable to unfavorable outcomes from chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Currently, there are oral direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) available to eradicate the virus with favorable short-term outcomes; however, their long-term effects are lacking. The aim of the study is to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of DAA therapy in the CKD population. Methods: An observational, cohort single-center study was performed. Fifty-nine CHC subjects with CKD, treated with DAAs between 2016 and 2018, were enrolled in the study. Safety and efficacy profiles were assessed, including sustained virologic response (SVR), occult hepatitis C infection (OCI) incidence, and liver fibrosis. Results: SVR was achieved in 96% of cases (n = 57). OCI was diagnosed only in one subject following SVR. Significant liver stiffness regression was observed 4 years after SVR compared to baseline values (Mdn = 6.1 kPa, IQR = 3.75 kPa; 4.9 kPa, IQR = 2.9 kPa), p < 0.001. The most common adverse events were anemia, weakness, and urinary tract infection. Conclusion: DAAs provide a safe and effective cure for CHC in both CKD patients and KTRs with a favorable safety profile in the long-term follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis Treatment and Management)
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14 pages, 2250 KiB  
Article
Short-Term Peg-IFN α-2b Re-Treatment Induced a High Functional Cure Rate in Patients with HBsAg Recurrence after Stopping Peg-IFN α-Based Regimens
by Fengping Wu, Yikai Wang, Dandan Cui, Yan Tian, Rui Lu, Chenrui Liu, Mei Li, Yaping Li, Ning Gao, Zicheng Jiang, Xuemei Li, Song Zhai, Xin Zhang, Xiaoli Jia and Shuangsuo Dang
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010361 - 2 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2053
Abstract
Little is known about the treatment of patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) recurrence after being clinically cured by peginterferon alpha(peg-IFN-α)-based regimens. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of peg-IFNα-2b in re-treating patients with HBsAg recurrence after stopping peg-IFN [...] Read more.
Little is known about the treatment of patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) recurrence after being clinically cured by peginterferon alpha(peg-IFN-α)-based regimens. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of peg-IFNα-2b in re-treating patients with HBsAg recurrence after stopping peg-IFN α-based regimens. In this two-center, prospective observational study, 33 patients with HBsAg recurrence after stopping peg-IFN α-based regimens were enrolled and re-treated with an individualized course of peg-IFN α-2b. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine could be injected immediately after HBsAg clearance, according to patients’ willingness. All patients were monitored and followed-up for 48 weeks after peg-IFN α-2b re-treatment stop. The primary endpoint was HBsAg clearance at the end of follow-up. At baseline, all patients had HBsAg levels of <10 IU/mL and undetectable HBV DNA, with the median HBsAg level of 1.66 (0.56–2.87) IU/mL. After a median of 24 (24–30) weeks of peg-IFN α-2b re-treatment, 87.9% (29/33) of the patients achieved HBsAg clearance again and 66.7% (22/33) of the patients achieved HBsAg seroconversion. At the end of follow-up, the HBsAg clearance and HBsAg seroconversion rates decreased to 78.8% (26/33) and 51.5% (17/33), respectively. Furthermore, 88.9% (16/18) of the patients with HBsAg clearance benefited from receiving the HBV vaccine therapy. Generally, both peg-IFN α-2b and HBV vaccine therapy were well tolerated. A high functional cure rate can be achieved by a short-course of peg-IFN α-2b re-treatment in patients with HBsAg recurrence after stopping peg-IFN α-based regimens. Furthermore, injecting HBV vaccine is beneficial after HBsAg clearance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis Treatment and Management)
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