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Clinical Management for Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
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Clinical Management for Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology & Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 3144

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ignacio Díez López

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Araba, 01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Interests: pediatric endocrinology; small for gestational age; vitamin D deficiency
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Antonio De Arriba-Muñoz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
2. Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: pediatric endocrinology; growth hormone; endocrinology and metabolism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our honor and pleasure to present you with this Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine. Obesity in general, and childhood obesity in particular, has been defined as the great pandemic at the beginning of this century. The other great pandemic, COVID-19, has not only endorsed the need to act globally in the face of a health challenge but has also led to an increase in cases of obesity and metabolic syndrome after the obligatory period of quarantine at home. In particular, childhood obesity is as prevalent as 30–50% in some southern European, American, and even developing country populations. These children suffering from obesity will be sick as adults. However, we are also starting to experience typical adult diseases in pediatrics, such as type 2 DM.

The emergence of new diagnostic challenges, new screening tests and studies, the significance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and, of course, the tide of new GLP-1-type drugs that are appearing will not only change the paradigm of diagnosis and monitoring of these patients but will also bring hope for the future.

We look forward to receiving your submissions to this Special Issue.

Dr. Ignacio Díez López
Dr. Antonio De Arriba-Muñoz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • estatosis hepatic
  • diabetes mellitus
  • children
  • GLP-1

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1750 KiB  
Article
Association Between Visceral Adiposity and the Prediction of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
by Renata Bende, Darius Heredea, Iulia Rațiu, Ioan Sporea, Mirela Dănilă, Roxana Șirli, Alina Popescu and Felix Bende
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(10), 3405; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14103405 - 13 May 2025
Viewed by 407
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and is closely linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome, necessitating efficient, non-invasive diagnostic tools. Methods: This monocentric cross-sectional study included 178 patients (69.1% with MASLD, 30.9% [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and is closely linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome, necessitating efficient, non-invasive diagnostic tools. Methods: This monocentric cross-sectional study included 178 patients (69.1% with MASLD, 30.9% normal subjects; 55% males; mean age 52.79 ± 12.56 years) who underwent anthropometric and biochemical assessments to determine the visceral adiposity index (VAI), triglyceride–glucose index (TyG), and lipid accumulation product (LAP), along with abdominal ultrasound and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Results: Patients were categorized based on steatosis severity: S0–S1 (n = 64) and S2–S3 (n = 114). The TyG, VAI, and LAP values were significantly higher in S2–S3 cases (p < 0.0001) and showed moderate-to-strong correlations with both steatosis and fibrosis. Predictive models yielded AUROCs of 0.80 (TyG), 0.83 (VAI), and 0.79 (LAP) for diagnosing S2–S3 steatosis. The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and FIB-4 classified fibrosis severity, but 36.8% of cases remained unclassified. Applying the TyG and VAI thresholds reduced this rate to 26.3%. Conclusions: These findings support the TyG, VAI, and LAP as valuable non-invasive biomarkers for MASLD assessment, enhancing the classification accuracy when conventional fibrosis scores are inconclusive. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management for Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity)
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13 pages, 1190 KiB  
Article
Obesity-Related Disorders in Türkiye: A Multi Center, Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Analysis from the OBREDI-TR Study
by Alihan Oral, Ihsan Solmaz, Nizameddin Koca, Ulas Serkan Topaloglu, Ismail Demir, Ahmet Dundar, Ali Kirik, Ozge Kama Basci, Hacer Sen, Emine Binnetoglu, Nalan Okuroglu, Ahmet Aydin, Zeynep Irmak Kaya, Hamit Yildiz, Aycan Acet, Gokhan Tazegul, Hasan Sozel, Osman Ozudogru, Kubilay Issever, Selcuk Yaylacı, Ugur Bayram Korkmaz, Nur Duzen Oflas, Celalettin Küçük, Kamil Konur, Teslime Ayaz, Aysun Isiklar, Esref Arac, Hilmi Erdem Sumbul, Huseyin Ali Ozturk, Ali Burak Govez, Yusuf Usame Durmus, Atilla Onmez, Sibel Ocak Serin, Nazif Yalcin, Aysegul Ertinmaz, Alper Tuna Guven, Mehmet Kok, Yasin Sahinturk and Seyit Uyaradd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(8), 2680; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082680 - 14 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Objectives: Obesity is a significant public health concern, as it is associated with the development of numerous chronic diseases. The prevalence of obesity and attendant diseases has been increasing over recent years. This study attempted to ascertain the frequency of chronic diseases [...] Read more.
Objectives: Obesity is a significant public health concern, as it is associated with the development of numerous chronic diseases. The prevalence of obesity and attendant diseases has been increasing over recent years. This study attempted to ascertain the frequency of chronic diseases in obese patients in Türkiye for the first time on this scale. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, with patients admitted to the internal medicine outpatient clinics or obesity centers between December 2023 and December 2024 included in this study. Participants were recruited from seven regions, 20 provinces, and 28 centers, and the inclusion criteria were met by those aged 18 years and over with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg per square meter (kg/m2) or above. Their status, with respect to chronic diseases, and their anthropometric parameters were documented. Results: The total number of patients was 10,121, with a mean age of 45.2 ± 13.92. Of these, 7222 (71.35%) were female. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HT), dyslipidemia (DL), coronary artery disease (CAD), obstructive pulmonary disease (OPD), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and fatty liver disease (FLD) was found to be 35.01%, 78.19%, 12.37%, 10.32%, 5.88%, and 75.12%, respectively. A subsequent analysis of the prevalence of these diseases by region revealed a statistically significant variation between regions (p < 0.001 for all regions). Conclusions: This study represents a substantial contribution to the existing body of knowledge in this field, particularly with regard to the identification of the current chronic disease rate of obese patients in Türkiye. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management for Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity)
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11 pages, 812 KiB  
Article
Factors Affecting the Unconscious Bias of Healthcare Professionals in Obesity Care
by Jana Makuc, Ana Ogrič Lapajne, Špela Hvalec, Mojca Jensterle and Andrej Janež
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(5), 1486; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051486 - 23 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: To assess the factors affecting the unconscious bias of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in obesity care. Methods: A cross-sectional, non-interventional, descriptive study collecting data via an online survey system was distributed via e-mail to 11,597 members of the Medical Chamber of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: To assess the factors affecting the unconscious bias of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in obesity care. Methods: A cross-sectional, non-interventional, descriptive study collecting data via an online survey system was distributed via e-mail to 11,597 members of the Medical Chamber of Slovenia. Physicians were assigned into six HCP categories: (junior) resident physicians, primary care physicians (PCPs), internal medicine specialists, surgeons, dentists, and others. The online questionnaire was active for two weeks. Results: A total of 1248 physicians opened the survey link (10.8% response rate). Of the 898 physicians that engaged in the survey, 789 fully completed the questionnaire. Out of those physicians, 93.6% agreed that obesity is a disease, 83.7% were familiar with the definition, and 75.5% of HCPs were professionally interested in the subject. Overall, 39% of HCPs use the ICD obesity code, primarily primary care physicians and specialists in internal medicine. Notably, 82.0% of HCPs identified lifestyle change as the most effective intervention and believed that patients could lose weight with a serious attempt at a lifestyle change. This belief was particularly supported by male HCPs and HCPs under 40 years of age, who felt that patients were entirely responsible for their weight. The unconscious bias decreased with an increase in the HCPs’ body mass index (BMI), but at the same time, physicians with a higher BMI found obesity to be less important than other diseases (p = 0.036). Using composite answers, we found that the unconscious bias of HCPs toward obesity and effective obesity care was significantly related to gender (p = 0.017), age (p < 0.001), and BMI (p = 0.005), and was independent of an area of expertise. Conclusions: HCPs’ area of expertise impacted their professional standpoint (suggesting conscious bias), whereas male gender, a younger age, and a lower BMI affected unconscious bias toward obesity and its effective care. Despite their limitations, including the self-reported nature of the data, our findings can help to individualize educational strategies and create a more equitable environment in obesity healthcare. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management for Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity)
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Review

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38 pages, 1798 KiB  
Review
Involvement of miRNAs in the Cluster of Metabolic Factors of MetS: Nutrition-Genome-MetS Axis
by Duygu Ağagündüz, Menşure Nur Çelik, Burcu Deniz Güneş, Büşra Atabilen, Buse Sarikaya, Mehmet Arif Icer and Ferenc Budán
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(12), 4234; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124234 - 14 Jun 2025
Viewed by 343
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and play essential roles in physiological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. They have emerged as promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). In recent years, exosome-derived [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and play essential roles in physiological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. They have emerged as promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). In recent years, exosome-derived miRNAs, known as “xeno-miRNAs”, which are derived from food, as well as circulating miRNAs, have emerged as areas of intense research due to their potential effects on metabolic disorders. miRNAs influence fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance through mechanisms such as β-cell differentiation, insulin gene transcription, and PI3K–AKT pathway activation. Additionally, miRNAs play important roles in regulating MetS components, as follows: obesity through adipogenesis and lipogenesis; hypertension through regulation of the renin–angiotensin system and vascular tone; and dyslipidemia by modulating lipid metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that nutrients such as polyphenols and specific dietary patterns can alter miRNA expression, potentially impacting metabolic health. Understanding the interactions between diet and miRNA regulation offers novel insights into the prevention and treatment of MetS. This review explores the mechanisms by which miRNAs influence MetS components, and highlights the growing potential of nutrient-regulated miRNAs as therapeutic targets within the framework of precision nutrition and personalized metabolic disease management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management for Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity)
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