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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Care Units
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Care Units

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Emergency Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2026 | Viewed by 3623

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stavros Dimopoulos

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Guest Editor
1. Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 75 Athens, Greece
2. Cardiac Surgery ICU, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 176 74 Athens, Greece
Interests: exercise training; rehabilitation; cardiopulmonary exercise testing; critical illness; heart failure; pulmonary hypertension; cardiac surgery; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Christos Kourek

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Guest Editor
Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Critical Care Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
Interests: heart failure; endothelial progenitor cells; endothelium; myocardial infarction; revascularization; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; myocarditis; cardiopulmonary exercise testing; exercise training; rehabilitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am delighted to invite you to submit your manuscripts to a Special Issue entitled "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Care Units". This Special Issue will focus on the latest advancements, challenges, and innovations in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within emergency care settings.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation remains a cornerstone of life-saving interventions during cardiac arrest. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in optimizing outcomes through improved techniques, protocols, and the integration of novel technologies. This Special Issue seeks to foster discussions and present high-quality research addressing these challenges while also exploring emerging solutions in emergency care environments.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive platform for researchers and clinicians to share their findings, experiences, and ideas that contribute to the advancement of CPR practices in emergency care. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, innovative CPR devices, advanced training methodologies, CPR quality monitoring, post-resuscitation care strategies, and community-based interventions to improve survival rates.

I welcome submissions of original research articles, reviews, and case studies. I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Stavros Dimopoulos
Dr. Christos Kourek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  • emergency care
  • cardiac arrest
  • CPR techniques
  • resuscitation devices
  • post-resuscitation care
  • survival outcomes

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 458 KB  
Article
Weight Gain and Fatigue Effect on Nursing Students Performing High-Fidelity CPR Simulation
by Santiago Morejón Bandrés, José Luis Martin Conty, Begoña Polonio-López, Samantha Diaz-Gonzalez, Cristina Rivera-Picón, Sergio Rodríguez-Cañamero, Juan José Bernal-Jiménez, Joseba Rabanales-Sotos, Miguel Ángel Castro-Villamor, Rosa Conty-Serrano, Ancor Sanz-García and Francisco Martín-Rodríguez
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(21), 7483; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217483 - 22 Oct 2025
Viewed by 174
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of weight gain and fatigue on nursing students performing high-fidelity cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) simulation. Methods: A simulation-based research study (with or without a vest) was performed at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of weight gain and fatigue on nursing students performing high-fidelity cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) simulation. Methods: A simulation-based research study (with or without a vest) was performed at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla la Mancha (Spain), with volunteer nursing students. Vital signs, pain scale, pupillary sizes, analytical parameters, and lifestyle habits were evaluated before, during, and after CPR. The differences between groups were assessed by ANOVA for time and group factors. Results: A total of 31 participants met the inclusion criteria, 15 subjects without a vest and 16 subjects with a vest. The ANOVA results revealed that all the variables presented statistically significant time effects, except for glucose. For the group effect, heart rate, lactate, and cortisol presented statistically significant differences between subjects with and without vests. Conclusions: Vital signs and physiological variables increased during CPR with vests. This could negatively impact the CPR procedure. The implementation of physical training programs aimed at improving the performance of future health professionals during CPR should be studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Care Units)
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12 pages, 2371 KB  
Article
Effectiveness of Chest Compression-Synchronized Ventilation in Patients with Cardiac Arrest
by Young T. Oh, Choung A. Lee, Hang A. Park, Juok Park, Sola Kim, Hye J. Park, Sangsoo Han, Soonjoo Wang and Jong W. Kim
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(7), 2394; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072394 - 31 Mar 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1871
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal ventilation mode during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by comparing the effects of chest compression-synchronized ventilation (CCSV) and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) on arterial blood gases. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study included patients [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal ventilation mode during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by comparing the effects of chest compression-synchronized ventilation (CCSV) and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) on arterial blood gases. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study included patients presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were randomly assigned to the CCSV or IPPV groups. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed at the start of CPR and 10 min after initiating mechanical ventilation. Primary outcomes included changes in the arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures. Results: Of the 144 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 30 were included in the study, with 15 each assigned to the CCSV and IPPV groups. The median arterial oxygen pressure in the CCSV group was 76.1 [22.8; 260.3 interquartile range], compared with 8.8 [−1.6; 113.9 interquartile range] in the IPPV group (p = 0.250). The change in carbon dioxide pressure was −10.3 [−18.3; −2.7 interquartile range] in the CCSV group and −11.5 [−39.5; 5.6 interquartile range] in the IPPV group (p = 0.935). Wilcoxon signed-rank test results revealed significant differences in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressure levels before and after treatment in the CCSV group (p = 0.026 and 0.048, respectively). However, in the IPPV group, changes in arterial partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide before and after treatment were non-significant (p = 0.095 and 0.107, respectively). Conclusions: Although CCSV significantly improved oxygenation and ventilation in patients undergoing CPR, it cannot be considered superior to IPPV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Care Units)
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Review

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17 pages, 499 KB  
Review
Incidence and Risk Factors of Dysphagia After Cardiac Surgery: A Scoping Review
by Christos Kourek, Vania Labropoulou, Emilia Michou and Stavros Dimopoulos
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(12), 4279; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124279 - 16 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1075
Abstract
Dysphagia is a serious complication following cardiac surgery, associated with increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and higher healthcare costs. Variability in the incidence and risk factors highlights the need for consolidated evidence. This scoping review aimed to analyze the incidence of dysphagia after cardiac [...] Read more.
Dysphagia is a serious complication following cardiac surgery, associated with increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and higher healthcare costs. Variability in the incidence and risk factors highlights the need for consolidated evidence. This scoping review aimed to analyze the incidence of dysphagia after cardiac surgery and identify the associated risk factors. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, and PEDro databases for observational studies reporting dysphagia incidence and risk factors in adult cardiac surgery patients. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the studies’ quality and out of 2920 studies identified, 15 met the inclusion criteria for inclusion in this review. Dysphagia incidence ranged from 2.7% to 60%, with higher rates observed when objective assessments such as FEES or VFSS were employed. Key risk factors included advanced age, prolonged intubation, cerebrovascular events, and complex operative procedures. Post-operative dysphagia was linked to complications like aspiration pneumonia, prolonged ICU/hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. In conclusion, dysphagia is a significant but under-recognized complication of cardiac surgery. Advanced age, prolonged intubation, and surgical complexity are major risk factors. Standardized assessment protocols and early interventions are crucial to mitigating its impact and improving patient clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Care Units)
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Other

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17 pages, 2827 KB  
Systematic Review
Does the Injection Site Matter During CPR? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Drug Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
by Sofia-Chrysovalantou Zagalioti, Sofia Gkarmiri, Efstratios Karagiannidis, Panagiotis Stachteas, Aikaterini Zgouridou, Panagiotis Zagaliotis, Katerina Kotzampassi, Vasileios Grosomanidis, Nikolaos Raikos, Maria Aggou, Nikolaos Fragakis and Barbara Fyntanidou
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(21), 7497; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217497 - 23 Oct 2025
Viewed by 139
Abstract
Background: Cardiac arrest is a time-critical medical emergency during which prompt and effective drug delivery plays a key role in patient outcomes. Current resuscitation guidelines recommend intravenous (IV) access as the first-line route, with intraosseous (IO) access recommended as an alternative when IV [...] Read more.
Background: Cardiac arrest is a time-critical medical emergency during which prompt and effective drug delivery plays a key role in patient outcomes. Current resuscitation guidelines recommend intravenous (IV) access as the first-line route, with intraosseous (IO) access recommended as an alternative when IV access is delayed or not feasible. Although the endotracheal (ET) route was previously included in resuscitation protocols, it is no longer recommended. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of resuscitation drugs administered through different injection sites and under varying hemodynamic conditions in in vivo animal models. Methods: PubMed, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to August 2025 for studies comparing different injection sites for the same drug (adrenaline/epinephrine, amiodarone, lidocaine and vasopressin) during CPR. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessments were performed independently by two reviewers. Frequentist random-effects models were used to calculate mean differences and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Fourteen prospective experimental studies (sample sizes ranging from 15 to 49 animals) conducted on swine were included. For epinephrine under normovolemia, humeral IO (HIO) access achieved significantly higher maximum concentrations (Cmax; p = 0.0238) and a shorter time to the maximum concentration (Tmax; p < 0.01) compared to IV, translating into faster return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (p = 0.0681). Under hypovolemia, IV access proved superiority over IO for epinephrine administration (MD = +382.80 ng/mL; p = 0.0022). The time to ROSC was significantly shorter with sternal IO (SIO) compared to tibial IO (TIO) (p = 0.0109). For amiodarone and vasopressin, no consistent or statistically significant differences were observed between administration routes, and in several cases, the findings were based on a single study. Conclusions: The injection site significantly influences the PK and PD of epinephrine during cardiac arrest. Proximal IO routes may offer advantages under normovolemic conditions, while IV access appears superior in cases of hypovolemic shock. Further research is needed to guide optimal drug delivery in varying hemodynamic conditions during cardiac arrest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Care Units)
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