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New Insights into Pediatric Otolaryngology: From Diagnosis to Minimally Invasive Therapies

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 October 2026 | Viewed by 1566

Editors

Dr. Mariaconsiglia Santantonio

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Complex Operational Unit of Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli n.8, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: neuroscience; rhinology; olfactory disorders; pediatric otorhinolaryngology
Prof. Dr. Luisa Bellussi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ENT Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Interests: allergic rhinitis; otitis media; pediatric OSAs

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pediatric otolaryngology is rapidly evolving, with new diagnostic strategies and increasingly tailored, less invasive therapies improving outcomes across a broad spectrum of ENT conditions. Beyond technological progress, there is growing emphasis on integrated clinical pathways, functional assessment, and multidisciplinary care to better address the specific needs of children and adolescents. This Special Issue, “New Insights into Pediatric Otolaryngology: From Diagnosis to Minimally Invasive Therapies”, welcomes contributions that advance clinical practice from early recognition and refined work-up to conservative, tissue-sparing interventions. We invite manuscripts covering innovations in hearing and vestibular disorders, pediatric rhinology and airway disease, sleep-disordered breathing, voice and swallowing, multidisciplinary approaches and perioperative optimization. We also encourage submissions on pediatric olfactory disorders—from validated diagnostic tools to rehabilitation and emerging translational perspectives—and on rare ENT diseases, where timely diagnosis and individualized management remain crucial.

We welcome original research, clinical studies, technical notes, and high-quality reviews that provide actionable insights and help shape future directions in pediatric ENT.

Dr. Mariaconsiglia Santantonio
Prof. Dr. Luisa Bellussi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric otolaryngology
  • minimally invasive
  • early diagnosis
  • olfactory disorders
  • pediatric rhinology
  • pediatric airway
  • pediatric ENT
  • pediatric sleep disorders
  • pediatric diagnosis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 491 KB  
Article
Irreversible Electroporation for the Treatment of Pediatric Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy
by Ulugbek Khasanov, Zukhrob Sobirjonovich Matmuratov, Alexandru Coman, Andrei Mihai Buruiană, Desiderio Passali, Francesco Maria Passali and Ari DeRowe
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(13), 5189; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15135189 - 2 Jul 2026
Viewed by 340
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tissue ablation technology, offering potential advantages such as reductions in pain, bleeding, and procedural time. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IRE for the treatment of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in pediatric [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tissue ablation technology, offering potential advantages such as reductions in pain, bleeding, and procedural time. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IRE for the treatment of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in pediatric patients. Methods: In this prospective, two-center, interventional case series, we enrolled 31 children aged 3–13 years with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and upper airway obstruction. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. IRE was applied to the tonsils and adenoids using the ENTire™ system. Postoperative pain was recorded daily for seven days using the Parent’s Postoperative Pain Measure. Disease-specific quality of life was assessed at baseline and three months post-procedure using the Obstructive Sleep Apnea questionnaire (OSA-18). Tonsillar size was graded according to the Brodsky Scale. Results: The mean procedure time was 10:40 ± 03:40, and there was no intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. Patients were discharged on the day of the procedure. The postoperative pain on day 1 was ranked as 3.5 ± 1.5 and resolved completely in all patients by day 7. From baseline to 3 months, the mean OSA-18 decreased from 66.4 ± 14.9 to 24.6 ± 9.9 (Wilcoxon signed-rank test p-value of <0.0001), and the Brodsky grade decreased from 3.26 ± 0.63 to 0.92 ± 0.61 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this preliminary cohort, non-thermal adenotonsillar ablation using irreversible electroporation was safe, well tolerated, and demonstrated short-term improvements in parent-reported symptoms and oropharyngeal tonsillar size in children. These findings support further investigation in larger, multicenter trials with extended follow-ups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Pediatric Otolaryngology: From Diagnosis to Minimally Invasive Therapies)
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Review

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10 pages, 422 KB  
Review
A Review of Indications and Technical Considerations of Endoscopic Balloon Dilation for Pediatric Subglottic Stenosis
by Juma Obayashi, Manabu Komori, Yuri Nishiya, Nayu Yokoyama, Tomoko Kanno, Maho Wada, Kotaro Morita, Kosuke Kudo, Kunihide Tanaka and Shigeyuki Furuta
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(8), 2940; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15082940 - 13 Apr 2026
Viewed by 792
Abstract
Pediatric subglottic stenosis (SGS) remains a significant cause of upper airway obstruction in infants and children, most commonly resulting from prolonged endotracheal intubation. Although open airway reconstruction procedures such as laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) and partial cricotracheal resection (PCTR) provide definitive treatment for severe [...] Read more.
Pediatric subglottic stenosis (SGS) remains a significant cause of upper airway obstruction in infants and children, most commonly resulting from prolonged endotracheal intubation. Although open airway reconstruction procedures such as laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) and partial cricotracheal resection (PCTR) provide definitive treatment for severe disease, their invasiveness and the burden of postoperative management have prompted increasing interest in less invasive approaches. Endoscopic balloon dilation has emerged as an effective therapeutic option, particularly for early-stage, short-segment, and soft acquired stenosis. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and severity assessment of pediatric SGS, and discusses the evolution of surgical management with particular emphasis on the role of balloon dilation. Technical aspects—including balloon sizing, adjunctive radial incision, dilation protocols, and local pharmacologic therapies—are outlined. Endoscopic balloon dilation is most effective in carefully selected patients, particularly those with early-stage and less severe stenosis. While it can significantly reduce the need for open airway reconstruction, recurrence remains a key limitation, necessitating careful patient selection and long-term follow-up. This article represents a narrative review of the current literature combined with the authors’ clinical experience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Pediatric Otolaryngology: From Diagnosis to Minimally Invasive Therapies)
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