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Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Extra-Gastric Autoimmune Disorders

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 5598

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Interests: Helicobacter pylori infection; epidemiology; diagnosis and treatment; glucose 6 phosphate dehy-drogenase; celiac disease; GERD; IBD; nutrition; longevity; probiotic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Interests: Helicobacter pylori infection; epidemiology; nutrition; longevity, gastro-intestinal diseases; extra gastro-intestinal disorders; autoimmune disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common cause of gastritis, and is it etiologically involved in gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and primary gastric B-cell lymphoma. Helicobacter pylori infection also plays a role in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Helicobacter pylori-related diseases are among the most prevalent in the world, and evidence obtained in recent decades suggests a causal role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the occurrence of pathological conditions involving organs and systems outside the gastric environment. The extension and magnitude of these manifestations vary according to the tissues involved, although, in general, they are primarily the result of a long-lasting low-grade inflammation and/or autoimmune processes, via several mechanisms. While its role in growth retardation, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, iron-deficiency anemia, and vitamin 12 deficiency has already been recognized, emerging evidence suggests that Helicobacter pylori may increase the risk of blood hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune thyroiditis, and neurodegenerative, respiratory, skin, rheumatic diseases, and several other disorders. The scientific literature regarding the "extra-gastric manifestations" of Helicobacter pylori infection is currently gaining growing interest among researchers. A better understanding of the role of this bacteria in specific disorders may induce recommendations for a proactive approach to the testing and treatment of Helicobacter pylori including outreach with family members of individuals diagnosed with active infection as well as high-risk local populations such as immigrants. Treatment with antibiotics may have many additional positive outcomes including a beneficial effect on infections other than Helicobacter pylori (e.g., periodontal disease, etc.).

Prof. Dr. Maria Pina Dore
Dr. Giovanni Mario Pes
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Helicobacter pylori
  • extra-gastric diseases
  • inflammation
  • autoimmune-disorders
  • treatment challenges
  • molecular mimicry
  • modern diagnosis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1038 KiB  
Article
Prospective Study of Vonoprazan-Based First-Line Triple Therapy with Amoxicillin and Metronidazole for Clarithromycin-Resistant Helicobacter pylori
by Soichiro Sue, Yuichi Suzuki, Tomohiko Sasaki, Hiroaki Kaneko, Kuniyasu Irie, Kazuto Komatsu and Shin Maeda
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(17), 5443; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175443 - 22 Aug 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1406
Abstract
Aim: This was a prospective, multicenter, single-arm intervention, against historical controls, study of the efficacy of a vonoprazan-based 7-day triple regimen with metronidazole (VPZ-AMPC-MNZ) as a first-line therapy for eradicating clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Methods: We enrolled 35 patients positive [...] Read more.
Aim: This was a prospective, multicenter, single-arm intervention, against historical controls, study of the efficacy of a vonoprazan-based 7-day triple regimen with metronidazole (VPZ-AMPC-MNZ) as a first-line therapy for eradicating clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Methods: We enrolled 35 patients positive for clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori, as assessed by culture, without a history of eradication. These 35 patients were prospectively eradicated with VPZ-AMPC-MNZ. As historical controls, we also assessed 98 patients with clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori from our prior prospective studies, who achieved H. pylori eradication with a 7-day triple regimen including clarithromycin (VPZ-AMPC-CAM). A preplanned analysis was performed as a superiority study against the historical controls (VPZ-AMPC-MNZ compared to VPZ-AMPC-CAM). In each regimen, vonoprazan was used at 20 mg bid, amoxicillin at 750 mg bid, metronidazole at 250 mg bid, and clarithromycin at 200 mg or 400 mg bid for 7 days. We assessed the outcome of eradication therapy using a 13C-urea breath test or H. pylori stool antigen test. We evaluated safety using patient questionnaires. Results: The intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) eradication rates of VPZ-AMPC-MNZ were both 100% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 90.0–100%, n = 35). The eradication rates of VPZ-AMPC-CAM were 76.5% (95% CI 66.9–84.5%, n = 98) in the ITT analysis and 77.3% (95% CI 67.7–85.2%, n = 97) in the PP analysis. The eradication rate of VPZ-AMPC-MNZ was significantly higher than that of VPZ-AMPC-CAM in both the ITT (p = 0.00052) and PP (p = 0.00095) analyses. Conclusions: The findings suggest that 7-day VPZ-AMPC-MNZ was superior to 7-day VPZ-AMPC-CAM as a first-line regimen for eradicating clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori. We suggest VPZ-AMPC-MNZ as the standard first-line regimen for eradication of clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori in Japan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Extra-Gastric Autoimmune Disorders)
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10 pages, 562 KiB  
Article
Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in the Female Sex
by Maria Pina Dore, Giuseppe Fanciulli, Alessandra Manca and Giovanni Mario Pes
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 5150; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155150 - 6 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3882
Abstract
Background. Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk of thyroid diseases (TDs), although scientific evidence is conflicting. In the present study the relationship between TDs, including both autoimmune (AI) and non-autoimmune TD, and H. pylori infection was investigated. Methods: Data [...] Read more.
Background. Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk of thyroid diseases (TDs), although scientific evidence is conflicting. In the present study the relationship between TDs, including both autoimmune (AI) and non-autoimmune TD, and H. pylori infection was investigated. Methods: Data from records of patients undergoing upper endoscopy and histologically evaluated for H. pylori infection were retrieved. In addition to demographic information, the features of gastritis based on non-targeted biopsies collected from the antrum, angulus, and corpus were analyzed. The presence of H. pylori infection and atrophy and/or metaplasia and/or dysplasia in at least one gastric specimen was defined as a long-lasting H. pylori infection and the presence of a chronic–active gastritis as a current infection. Hashimoto’s and Graves’ diseases were included in the AITD group, and thyroid nodules, goiter, iatrogenic thyroid hypo/hyper function, and thyroidectomy in the non-autoimmune TD group. Results: A total of 8322 records from adult patients from Northern Sardinia, characterized by a similar genetic background, was analyzed. Participants were aged 18–93 years (females 5339, 64.1%), and more specifically, 562 (6.7%) had a diagnosis of AITD and 448 (5.4%) of non-autoimmune TD. A significant association between long-lasting H. pylori and AITD (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.13–1.60) was found, irrespective of age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status, while it was not associated with non-autoimmune TD. Current H. pylori infection did not show significant ORs for AITD (OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.64–1.57) and non-autoimmune TD (OR 0.86; 95%CI 0.66–1.15). The association with long-lasting H. pylori infection was confirmed to be significant for both Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease by multivariable regression analysis. Stratification according to sex revealed a significant association only for females (OR 1.39; 95%CI 1.12–1.72). Conclusions. Our results indicate that long-lasting H. pylori infection is associated with AITD in the female adult population of Northern Sardinia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Extra-Gastric Autoimmune Disorders)
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