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Exercise Intervention during Pregnancy & Maternal Health—Series 2
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Exercise Intervention during Pregnancy & Maternal Health—Series 2

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2024) | Viewed by 10264

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Rubén Barakat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
AFIPE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Interests: sports medicine; obstetrics; exercise science; exercise performance statistics; exercise intervention; maternal health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The year 2022 witnessed the publication of the Special Issue "Exercise Intervention during Pregnancy & Maternal Health Series 1" (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/Exercise_Intervention_Pregnancy_Maternal_Health). Throughout the life of human beings, a process similar to pregnancy and childbirth does not exist; this is due to the relevant quantity and quality of the modifications to a woman’s body that occur during pregnancy.

Pregnancy is distinguished by a multitude of physiological, mental and emotional adjustments. Every organ system in the expectant mother are intimately involved in this complex process in order to create an optimal environment for fetal development.

Movement restrictions and confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly affected the lifestyle of the pregnant population and can become a risk factor for different alterations and even pathologies.

The use of exercise as one of these preventive measures in general populations is sufficiently supported by scientific evidence; however, the efficacy of exercise in this prevention strategy during pregnancy is still poorly understood.

Prof. Dr. Rubén Barakat
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • exercise
  • pregnancy
  • wellbeing
  • maternal
  • fetal
  • outcomes

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 303 KiB  
Article
Physical Activity in Work and Leisure Time during Pregnancy, and Its Influence on Maternal Health and Perinatal Outcomes
by Ernesto González-Cazorla, Ana Pilar Brenes-Romero, María José Sánchez-Gómez, Elena Estévez-Ruiz, Antonio Díaz-Enjuto, Ana Cantón-Cisneros, Daniel Lubián-López, Juan Mozas-Moreno and Ernesto S González-Mesa
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030723 - 26 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2514
Abstract
Background: Physical inactivity during pregnancy has been shown to be linked to an increased risk of complications. However, during pregnancy, doubts arise about what type, intensity and frequency of physical activity are most recommended. Objective: Our main objective was to know the level [...] Read more.
Background: Physical inactivity during pregnancy has been shown to be linked to an increased risk of complications. However, during pregnancy, doubts arise about what type, intensity and frequency of physical activity are most recommended. Objective: Our main objective was to know the level of physical activity (PA) and sedentary lifestyle in a representative sample of pregnant women in Málaga, one of the most populated cities in Spain. Also, we aimed to find out the effects of PA on obstetric and perinatal outcomes and on the mental health of pregnant women, differentiated according to PA intensity and domain. Methods: Five hundred and forty full-term pregnant women who had their obstetric checks in the maternity ward of the Regional University Hospital of Málaga were recruited through consecutive sampling. Participants answered a questionnaire that included the WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and some other sociodemographic and health-related questions. Subsequently, information about perinatal outcomes was obtained after birth. Results: Only 50.8% of women followed the WHO recommendations on activity. We found a high proportion of obese pregnant women and a direct effect of a sedentary lifestyle on the rate of cesarean sections and vulvovaginal tears in spontaneous births, as well as on the mental health of future mothers. Women’s age, the number of children, BMI at the beginning of pregnancy and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) explained anxiety scores, and age, LTPA, BMI at the end of pregnancy and intense work-related physical activity (WTPA) predicted depression scores. Conclusions: LTPA improves obstetric outcomes, helping to reduce the rate of cesarean sections and vulvovaginal tears, as well as reducing prenatal anxiety and depression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Intervention during Pregnancy & Maternal Health—Series 2)

Review

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23 pages, 712 KiB  
Review
Gestational Metabolic Risk: A Narrative Review of Pregnancy-Related Complications and of the Effectiveness of Dietary, Exercise and Lifestyle Interventions during Pregnancy on Reducing Gestational Weight Gain and Preventing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
by Georgios I. Tsironikos, George E. Zakynthinos, Athina Tatsioni, Vasiliki Tsolaki, Iraklis-Georgios Kagias, Petros Potamianos and Alexandra Bargiota
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(12), 3462; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123462 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 2179
Abstract
Objective: This study is a Narrative Review that aims at investigating the implications of obesity, excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Additionally, this Review seeks to explore the effectiveness of nutrition, and/or exercise interventions during pregnancy on reducing GWG [...] Read more.
Objective: This study is a Narrative Review that aims at investigating the implications of obesity, excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Additionally, this Review seeks to explore the effectiveness of nutrition, and/or exercise interventions during pregnancy on reducing GWG and preventing GDM. Materials and Methods: The search in literature included studies that identified obesity, GWG, GDM and associated risks during pregnancy. Also, SR and MA focusing on interventions including diet, or physical activity (PA), or combined (i.e., lifestyle interventions) and their impact on metabolic risk during pregnancy, were identified through searches in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSRs), and Scopus. Results: The study findings suggest that lifestyle interventions during pregnancy may be effective in reducing excessive GWG. Regarding the prevention of GDM, results from studies evaluating lifestyle interventions vary. However, significant and less controversial results were reported from studies assessing the efficacy of exercise interventions, particularly in high-risk pregnant women. Conclusions: Lifestyle interventions during pregnancy may reduce excessive GWG. Exercise during pregnancy may prevent GDM, especially in high-risk pregnant women. Future research is warranted to tailor lifestyle interventions for optimal effectiveness during pregnancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Intervention during Pregnancy & Maternal Health—Series 2)
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Other

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22 pages, 2017 KiB  
Systematic Review
Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Childhood Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Rubén Barakat, Cristina Silva-José, Miguel Sánchez-Polán, Dingfeng Zhang, Pablo Lobo, Gabriela De Roia and Rocío Montejo
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(13), 3726; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133726 - 26 Jun 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3021
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The repercussions of childhood overweight and obesity are multifaceted, extending beyond the realm of physiology and giving rise to psychological and emotional disturbances in affected children. The precise effects of gestational physical activity (PA) on parameters related to childhood overweight [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The repercussions of childhood overweight and obesity are multifaceted, extending beyond the realm of physiology and giving rise to psychological and emotional disturbances in affected children. The precise effects of gestational physical activity (PA) on parameters related to childhood overweight and obesity remain inadequately understood. The aim of this study (Registration CRD42022372490) was to evaluate the literature regarding the influence of PA during pregnancy on the risk of childhood overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods: Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered for inclusion. Determinant parameters of childhood obesity were analyzed. A total of 30 studies involving 16,137 pregnant women were examined. Five meta-analyses about the effects of PA during pregnancy on determinants of childhood overweight and obesity were conducted. Results: Although favorable trends were observed, Meta-Analyses showed no statistical differences in the effects of PA on weight at birth (Z = 0.03, p = 0.97), Ponderal Index at birth (Z = 0.64, p = 0.52), Macrosomia and Large for Gestational Age at birth (Z = 0.93, p = 0.35), children’s BMI (Z = 0.78, p = 0.44), weight (Z = 0.50, p = 0.62), and skinfold thicknesses (Z = 0.45, p = 0.65). Conclusions: The engagement in physical activity during pregnancy exhibits a favorable trend in parameters associated with childhood overweight and obesity while presenting no adverse effects on such outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Intervention during Pregnancy & Maternal Health—Series 2)
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18 pages, 534 KiB  
Systematic Review
Perioperative Exercise Testing in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age: A Systematic Review
by Madeleine G. Spicer and Alicia T. Dennis
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(2), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020416 - 11 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1927
Abstract
Background: Women have classically been excluded from the development of normal data and reference ranges, with pregnant women experiencing further neglect. The incidence of Caesarean section in pregnant women, and of general operative management in young women (both pregnant and non-pregnant), necessitates the [...] Read more.
Background: Women have classically been excluded from the development of normal data and reference ranges, with pregnant women experiencing further neglect. The incidence of Caesarean section in pregnant women, and of general operative management in young women (both pregnant and non-pregnant), necessitates the formal development of healthy baseline data in these cohorts to optimise their perioperative management. This systematic review assesses the representation of young women in existing reference ranges for several functional exercise tests in common use to facilitate functional assessment in this cohort. Methods: Existing reference range data for the exercise tests the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) in young women of reproductive age were assessed using the MEDLINE (Ovid) database, last searched December 2023. Results were comparatively tabulated but not statistically analysed given underlying variances in data. Results: The role of exercise testing in the perioperative period as an assessment tool, as well as its safety during pregnancy, was evaluated using 65 studies which met inclusion criteria. Conclusion: There is a significant lack of baseline data regarding these tests in this population, especially amongst the pregnant cohort, which limits the application of exercise testing clinically. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Intervention during Pregnancy & Maternal Health—Series 2)
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