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Article

Physical Activity in Work and Leisure Time during Pregnancy, and Its Influence on Maternal Health and Perinatal Outcomes

by
Ernesto González-Cazorla
1,
Ana Pilar Brenes-Romero
2,
María José Sánchez-Gómez
2,
Elena Estévez-Ruiz
2,
Antonio Díaz-Enjuto
2,
Ana Cantón-Cisneros
2,
Daniel Lubián-López
3,
Juan Mozas-Moreno
4,5,6,7 and
Ernesto S González-Mesa
2,8,9,*
1
Department of Physiotherapy, Health Sciences School, Malaga University, 29010 Málaga, Spain
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29001 Málaga, Spain
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Viamed Bahía de Cádiz Hospital, 11130 Cádiz, Spain
4
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
5
Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
6
Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
7
Biohealth Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
8
Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Málaga University, 29071 Málaga, Spain
9
Research Group in Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Epigenetics, Women’s Diseases and Reproductive Health, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29071 Málaga, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030723
Submission received: 18 November 2023 / Revised: 21 January 2024 / Accepted: 23 January 2024 / Published: 26 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Intervention during Pregnancy & Maternal Health—Series 2)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Physical inactivity during pregnancy has been shown to be linked to an increased risk of complications. However, during pregnancy, doubts arise about what type, intensity and frequency of physical activity are most recommended. Objective: Our main objective was to know the level of physical activity (PA) and sedentary lifestyle in a representative sample of pregnant women in Málaga, one of the most populated cities in Spain. Also, we aimed to find out the effects of PA on obstetric and perinatal outcomes and on the mental health of pregnant women, differentiated according to PA intensity and domain. Methods: Five hundred and forty full-term pregnant women who had their obstetric checks in the maternity ward of the Regional University Hospital of Málaga were recruited through consecutive sampling. Participants answered a questionnaire that included the WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and some other sociodemographic and health-related questions. Subsequently, information about perinatal outcomes was obtained after birth. Results: Only 50.8% of women followed the WHO recommendations on activity. We found a high proportion of obese pregnant women and a direct effect of a sedentary lifestyle on the rate of cesarean sections and vulvovaginal tears in spontaneous births, as well as on the mental health of future mothers. Women’s age, the number of children, BMI at the beginning of pregnancy and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) explained anxiety scores, and age, LTPA, BMI at the end of pregnancy and intense work-related physical activity (WTPA) predicted depression scores. Conclusions: LTPA improves obstetric outcomes, helping to reduce the rate of cesarean sections and vulvovaginal tears, as well as reducing prenatal anxiety and depression.
Keywords: physical activity; sedentary lifestyle; pregnancy; perinatal outcomes; leisure time; worktime physical activity; sedentary lifestyle; pregnancy; perinatal outcomes; leisure time; worktime

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MDPI and ACS Style

González-Cazorla, E.; Brenes-Romero, A.P.; Sánchez-Gómez, M.J.; Estévez-Ruiz, E.; Díaz-Enjuto, A.; Cantón-Cisneros, A.; Lubián-López, D.; Mozas-Moreno, J.; González-Mesa, E.S. Physical Activity in Work and Leisure Time during Pregnancy, and Its Influence on Maternal Health and Perinatal Outcomes. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030723

AMA Style

González-Cazorla E, Brenes-Romero AP, Sánchez-Gómez MJ, Estévez-Ruiz E, Díaz-Enjuto A, Cantón-Cisneros A, Lubián-López D, Mozas-Moreno J, González-Mesa ES. Physical Activity in Work and Leisure Time during Pregnancy, and Its Influence on Maternal Health and Perinatal Outcomes. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(3):723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030723

Chicago/Turabian Style

González-Cazorla, Ernesto, Ana Pilar Brenes-Romero, María José Sánchez-Gómez, Elena Estévez-Ruiz, Antonio Díaz-Enjuto, Ana Cantón-Cisneros, Daniel Lubián-López, Juan Mozas-Moreno, and Ernesto S González-Mesa. 2024. "Physical Activity in Work and Leisure Time during Pregnancy, and Its Influence on Maternal Health and Perinatal Outcomes" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 3: 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030723

APA Style

González-Cazorla, E., Brenes-Romero, A. P., Sánchez-Gómez, M. J., Estévez-Ruiz, E., Díaz-Enjuto, A., Cantón-Cisneros, A., Lubián-López, D., Mozas-Moreno, J., & González-Mesa, E. S. (2024). Physical Activity in Work and Leisure Time during Pregnancy, and Its Influence on Maternal Health and Perinatal Outcomes. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(3), 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030723

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