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Paradigms, Advances and Future Directions in Oral Medicine
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Paradigms, Advances and Future Directions in Oral Medicine

A Special Issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383) belonging to the section "Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2026) | Viewed by 5498

Editor

Prof. Dr. Pia Lopez-Jornet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Oral Medicine in the Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
Interests: oral cancer; oral potentially malignant disorders; early diagnosis of oral cancer; oral epithelial dysplasia; biomarkers in oral cancer; artificial intelligence in oral diagnosis.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There have been remarkable advances in the field of oral medicine. However, research is still needed in many areas of oral medicine, such as potentially malignant disorders, dermatologic diseases of the oral cavity, and orofacial pain.

The development and advancement of diagnostic techniques and treatments, many of them minimally invasive, have led to improvements in diagnoses and quality of life.

In this Special Issue, we invite authors to present papers on clinical advances in oral medicine diagnostics and treatment.

Prof. Dr. Pia Lopez-Jornet
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral medicine
  • oral potentially malignant disorders
  • leukoplakia
  • oral lichen planus
  • orofacial pain
  • biopsy and liquid biopsy
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 565 KB  
Article
Diagnostic Delay and Clinical Follow-Up Across Oral Lichen Planus Phenotypes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
by Keren Martí De Gea, Massimo Petruzzi and Pia López-Jornet
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(16), 6309; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15166309 - 14 Aug 2026
Viewed by 383
Abstract
Background: Oral lichen planus is a chronic oral potentially malignant disorder requiring timely diagnosis and long-term follow-up, yet its diagnostic pathway remains poorly characterised. This study assessed diagnostic and follow-up intervals in patients with oral lichen planus and explored associated clinical and healthcare-related [...] Read more.
Background: Oral lichen planus is a chronic oral potentially malignant disorder requiring timely diagnosis and long-term follow-up, yet its diagnostic pathway remains poorly characterised. This study assessed diagnostic and follow-up intervals in patients with oral lichen planus and explored associated clinical and healthcare-related factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 199 patients with clinically and histopathologically confirmed oral lichen planus managed at the Oral Medicine Unit of the University of Murcia. Diagnostic time points were defined using an adapted Aarhus framework. Patient, primary care, specialist diagnostic and total intervals were analysed using multivariable quasi-Poisson regression. Loss to follow-up was assessed using Cox regression. Results: Older age was associated with longer patient, primary care and total intervals. Women had a shorter patient interval than men (IRR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21–0.91; p = 0.03), but a longer primary care interval (IRR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.12–10.2; p = 0.04). Compared with erosive oral lichen planus, mixed and reticular forms showed shorter primary care intervals and shorter specialist diagnostic intervals, with IRRs ranging from 0.21 to 0.36 (all p < 0.01). Daily alcohol consumption was associated with the longest total interval. Older age was associated with a higher risk of loss to follow-up (HR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00–1.04; p = 0.01), whereas non-pharmacological treatment was associated with a lower hazard of loss to follow-up (HR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16–0.60; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Diagnostic delay in oral lichen planus is multifactorial and appears to depend on patient characteristics, clinical presentation and healthcare pathway factors. Improved recognition of erosive disease, clearer referral criteria and structured follow-up strategies may enhance care continuity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paradigms, Advances and Future Directions in Oral Medicine)
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10 pages, 431 KB  
Article
Topical Piperine for the Management of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Case Series
by Elena M. Varoni, Marco Meregalli, Giovanni Lodi, Sara Vitalini, Marcello Iriti and Andrea Sardella
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(10), 3789; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103789 - 14 May 2026
Viewed by 445
Abstract
Background: Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain characterized by persistent oral burning and itching sensations without identifiable organic causes. In this case series, we explored the role as non-pharmacological therapy effects of topical piperine in reducing BMS-related symptoms. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain characterized by persistent oral burning and itching sensations without identifiable organic causes. In this case series, we explored the role as non-pharmacological therapy effects of topical piperine in reducing BMS-related symptoms. Methods: BMS patients performed a 1 min mouthrinse, twice daily for 8 weeks, with 10 mg of piperine in 20 mL of water. At baseline and post-treatment, pain intensity was evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), while oral-health-related quality of life and sleep quality were assessed using the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires. Results: After 8 weeks of treatment, 9 of 14 patients (64%) reported improvement in BMS symptoms. Pain intensity significantly decreased (NRS scores reduced from 5.10 ± 1.81 to 3.21 ± 2.12; p = 0.001). OHIP-14 scores also improved (from 17.6 ± 8.9 to 12.3 ± 10.4; p = 0.003), as did ESS scores (from 3.86 ± 3.16 to 2.86 ± 2.96; p = 0.008). No adverse events or symptom worsening were reported. Conclusions: Topical piperine may help relieve symptoms in BMS, but the evidence is preliminary due to the small sample size and lack of a control group. Randomized controlled trials are needed to explore its effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paradigms, Advances and Future Directions in Oral Medicine)
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Review

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13 pages, 526 KB  
Review
Intralesional Corticosteroid Injections in the Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus—A Narrative Review
by Weronika Miazga-Rychlik, Emilia Milczarek, Jan Kowalski, Aniela Brodzikowska and Bartłomiej Górski
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(2), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020561 - 9 Jan 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2184
Abstract
Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Certain clinical forms of the disease may cause significant discomfort and negatively impact patients’ quality of life. The first-line treatment is topical corticosteroids. The purpose of this narrative review is to [...] Read more.
Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Certain clinical forms of the disease may cause significant discomfort and negatively impact patients’ quality of life. The first-line treatment is topical corticosteroids. The purpose of this narrative review is to evaluate the influence of corticosteroid injections in the treatment of OLP. Methods: A search of the literature was conducted in October 2025 using the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. Results: Fifteen studies were evaluated. Injections with triamcinolone acetonide at a concentration of 10–40 mg/mL at weekly intervals demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain and healing OLP lesions in these studies. They showed minor adverse effects. Conclusions: Noting the limitations of this narrative review, intralesional corticosteroid injections are an effective and safe method of treating OLP. They should be considered in patients with symptomatic OLP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paradigms, Advances and Future Directions in Oral Medicine)
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Other

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12 pages, 751 KB  
Brief Report
Methodological Limitations of CBCT-Derived Gray Values in Assessing Radiographic Attenuation Patterns After Peri-Implantitis Surgery: Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Clinical Cohort
by Katarzyna Wieczorek, Grzegorz Hajduk, Michał Łobacz, Paulina Mertowska, Ewelina Grywalska, Sebastian Mertowski and Daya Masri
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(11), 4144; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15114144 - 27 May 2026
Viewed by 498
Abstract
Objectives: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is central to three-dimensional assessment in oral surgery and implant dentistry; however, CBCT-derived gray values expressed as HU-like units are not equivalent to true CT-derived Hounsfield Units (HU). This brief methodological secondary analysis evaluated the reliability and [...] Read more.
Objectives: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is central to three-dimensional assessment in oral surgery and implant dentistry; however, CBCT-derived gray values expressed as HU-like units are not equivalent to true CT-derived Hounsfield Units (HU). This brief methodological secondary analysis evaluated the reliability and practical limitations of such values in assessing radiographic changes after peri-implantitis surgery. Methods: The analysis used the imaging protocol and group-level radiological data from a previously published prospective clinical cohort, conducted under the same protocol and ethical approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Lublin (KE-0254/248/11/2023; 23 November 2023). The source cohort included 57 patients treated after implant removal for severe peri-implantitis with small-particle dentin (n = 22), Bio-Oss (n = 15), or spontaneous healing without grafting (n = 20). CBCT scans were analyzed in OnDemand3D (version 1.0.11.1007) using manually selected square regions of interest (ROI; 30 × 30 pixels). No external phantom calibration, cross-device normalization, or formal intra-/inter-observer reproducibility assessment was available in the secondary dataset. Results: The previously reported mean study-site values were 779.62 ± 325.92 gray-value units for small-particle dentin, 910.51 ± 155.03 gray-value units for Bio-Oss, and 206.04 ± 174.21 gray-value units for controls. These findings are presented as protocol-dependent attenuation patterns, not as direct material rankings, bone-density thresholds, or proof of regeneration. Variability remained substantial, with study-site coefficients of variation of 41.8%, 17.0%, and 84.6%, respectively, and high adjacent-site variability. Interpretation was constrained by manual ROI placement, lack of calibration, absence of observer-agreement metrics, unequal follow-up timing, and CBCT sensitivity to scatter, beam hardening, field of view, reconstruction settings, and metal-related artifacts. Conclusions: CBCT-derived gray values may be useful as relative indicators of local radiographic attenuation change within a standardized protocol, but they should not be interpreted as absolute measures of bone density. Future regenerative oral surgery studies should combine standardized acquisition, explicit ROI methodology, repeated measurements, observer-agreement analysis, and complementary clinical, radiographic, or histological outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paradigms, Advances and Future Directions in Oral Medicine)
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12 pages, 3928 KB  
Case Report
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma of the Oral Cavity in an Adult Woman: A Case Report
by Martina Caputo, Gaspare Palaia, Daniele Pergolini, Alessandra Putrino, Amelia Bellisario, Gianluca Tenore, Federica Rocchetti, Angela Galeotti, Cira Rosaria Tiziana Di Gioia and Umberto Romeo
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(22), 8228; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228228 - 20 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1335
Abstract
Background: Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, locally aggressive vascular tumor that shares histological features with Kaposi’s sarcoma. It usually occurs in infancy or early childhood and is seldom reported in adults. The most common sites are the skin and retroperitoneum, whereas the [...] Read more.
Background: Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, locally aggressive vascular tumor that shares histological features with Kaposi’s sarcoma. It usually occurs in infancy or early childhood and is seldom reported in adults. The most common sites are the skin and retroperitoneum, whereas the head, neck, and mediastinum are less frequently involved. KHE rarely regresses spontaneously, and metastasis is uncommon, but up to 70% of cases may develop Kasabach–Merritt Syndrome (KMS), a life-threatening coagulopathy. Here, we present an unusual case of KHE in an adult patient, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and management. Methods: A 39-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with an exophytic lesion in the left retromolar region. Clinical and radiological evaluations were followed by both incisional and excisional biopsies. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed, and surgical resection with wide margins was undertaken according to recommendations from a multidisciplinary tumor board. Results: Histology revealed spindle cell clusters, slit-like vascular spaces, endothelial cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, and immunopositivity for CD31, CD34, and smooth muscle actin, confirming the diagnosis of KHE. Given the tumor’s locally aggressive behavior and potential risk of KMS, extended surgical excision was performed. Conclusions: This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of KHE in adults and highlights the essential role of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and multidisciplinary evaluation. Prompt diagnosis and radical surgical management are critical to preventing complications and improving patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paradigms, Advances and Future Directions in Oral Medicine)
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