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Molecular Research in Renal Tumors

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2023) | Viewed by 7384

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: renal cell carcinoma; prostatic neoplasms; therapeutics

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: renal cell carcinoma; biomarkers; immunotherapy; collecting duct carcinoma; targeted-therapies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Renal tumors are grouped by the location in which they start growing and by their structure. There are several types of renal tumors: renal cell carcinoma (RCC), urothelial carcinoma, Wilms’ tumor, renal adenoma, and more.

RCC is the most common malignant kidney tumor, and it is dependent on angiogenesis. The most common aberrancy to occur in RCC is the inactivation of the Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene, which controls the constitutive activation of hipoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated transcriptional pathways. This process provides greater vasculature and survivability to the tumor by increasing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcription.

By studying the role of angiogenesis and immunity in the pathogenesis of RCC, we find that an upfront combination of different immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the combination of immunotherapy with targeted agents significantly improve outcomes of treatment-naïve advanced RCC patients.

However, a proportion of patients present primary resistance or develop a secondary resistance to such therapy. In these cases, working on the inhibition of alternative pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR or the glutamine pathway can represent a tool to overcome resistance to therapy. From this perspective, finding predictive molecular factors and understanding the tumor biology in pre-treated advanced RCC become crucial in order to find new strategies to overcome resistance. We aim to review the literature for different pathways that could potentially play a role in advanced RCC treatment which has progressed to first-line therapy.

This Special Issue on "Molecular Research in Renal tumors" aims to develop an updated picture of renal tumors (especially for renal cell carcinoma), focusing on molecular biomarkers, the multimodal treatment of locally advanced and metastatic disease, systemic therapy, and rare histology.

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Procopio
Dr. Pierangela Sepe
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • renal tumor
  • kidney cancer
  • advanced renal cell carcinoma
  • combination therapy
  • resistance
  • metabolism
  • antiangiogenic drugs
  • tyrosine-kinase inhibitors
  • immunotherapy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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8 pages, 1442 KiB  
Article
Pembrolizumab Plus Axitinib for Metastatic Papillary and Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: NEMESIA (Non Clear MEtaStatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Pembrolizumab Axitinib) Study, a Subgroup Analysis of I-RARE Observational Study (Meet-URO 23a)
by Marco Stellato, Sebastiano Buti, Marco Maruzzo, Melissa Bersanelli, Francesco Pierantoni, Ugo De Giorgi, Marilena Di Napoli, Roberto Iacovelli, Maria Giuseppa Vitale, Paola Ermacora, Andrea Malgeri, Brigida Anna Maiorano, Veronica Prati, Alessia Mennitto, Alessia Cavo, Matteo Santoni, Claudia Carella, Lucia Fratino, Giuseppe Procopio, Elena Verzoni and Daniele Santiniadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1096; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021096 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1867
Abstract
Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) represents a heterogeneous histological group which is 20–25% of those with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients with nccRCC have limited therapeutic options due to their exclusion from phase III randomized trials. The aim of the present study [...] Read more.
Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) represents a heterogeneous histological group which is 20–25% of those with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients with nccRCC have limited therapeutic options due to their exclusion from phase III randomized trials. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of pembrolizumabaxitinib combination in chromophobe and papillary metastatic RCC (mRCC) patients enrolled in the I-RARE (Italian Registry on rAre genitor-uRinary nEoplasms) observational ongoing study (Meet-URO 23). Baseline characteristics, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicities were retrospectively and prospectively collected from nccRCC patients treated in 14 Italian referral centers adhering to the Meet-Uro group, from December 2020 to April 2022. Only patients with chromophobe and papillary histology were considered eligible for the present pre-specified analysis. There were 32 eligible patients who received pembrolizumab-axitinib as first-line treatment, of whom 13 (40%) had chromophobe histology and 19 (60%) were classified as papillary RCC. The DCR was 78.1% whereas ORR was 43.7% (11 patients achieved stable disease and 14 patients obtained partial response: 9/19 papillary, 5/13 chromophobe). Six patients (18.7%) were primary refractory. Median PFS was 10.8 months (95%CI 1.7–11.5). Eleven patients (34.3%) interrupted the full treatment due to immune-related adverse events (irAEs): G3 hepatitis (n = 5), G3 hypophisitis (n = 1), G3 diarrhea (n = 1), G3 pancreatitis (n = 1), G3 asthenia (n = 1). Twelve patients (37.5%) temporarily interrupted axitinib only due to persistent G2 hand-foot syndrome or G2 hypertension. Pembrolizumab-axitinib combination could be an active and feasible first-line treatment option for patients with papillary or chromophobe mRCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Renal Tumors)
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12 pages, 1829 KiB  
Article
Metabolomics Profiling of Nephrotic Syndrome towards Biomarker Discovery
by Minnie Jacob, Refat M. Nimer, Mohamad S. Alabdaljabar, Essa M. Sabi, Mysoon M. Al-Ansari, Maged Housien, Khalid M. Sumaily, Lina A. Dahabiyeh and Anas M. Abdel Rahman
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12614; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012614 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2008
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney illness characterized by excessive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia, which may lead to kidney failure and necessitate renal transplantation. End-stage renal disease, cardiovascular issues, and mortality are much more common in those with NS. Therefore, the present [...] Read more.
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney illness characterized by excessive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia, which may lead to kidney failure and necessitate renal transplantation. End-stage renal disease, cardiovascular issues, and mortality are much more common in those with NS. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify potential new biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis and diagnosis of NS. The liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomics approach was applied to profile the metabolome of human serum of patients with NS. A total of 176 metabolites were significantly altered in NS compared to the control. Arginine, proline, and tryptophan metabolism; arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis were the most common metabolic pathways dysregulated in NS. Furthermore, alanyl-lysine and isoleucyl-threonine had the highest discrimination between NS and healthy groups. The candidate biomarkers may lead to understanding the possible metabolic alterations associated with NS and serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Renal Tumors)
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12 pages, 882 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Renal Medullary Carcinoma
by Yongdong Su and Andrew L. Hong
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7097; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137097 - 26 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2965
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare renal malignancy that has been associated with sickle hemoglobinopathies. RMC is aggressive, difficult to treat, and occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults of African ancestry. This cancer is driven by the loss of SMARCB1, a [...] Read more.
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare renal malignancy that has been associated with sickle hemoglobinopathies. RMC is aggressive, difficult to treat, and occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults of African ancestry. This cancer is driven by the loss of SMARCB1, a tumor suppressor seen in a number of primarily rare childhood cancers (e.g., rhabdoid tumor of the kidney and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor). Treatment options remain limited due in part to the limited knowledge of RMC biology. However, significant advances have been made in unraveling the biology of RMC, from genomics to therapeutic targets, over the past 5 years. In this review, we will present these advances and discuss what new questions exist in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Renal Tumors)
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