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Enzymes and Mammalian Fatty Acid Metabolism
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Enzymes and Mammalian Fatty Acid Metabolism

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 13297

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Michał Szlis

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
Interests: neuroendocrinology; hormones; reproduction; gastrointestinal tract; genetic; animal biotechnology
Dr. Małgorzata Białek

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
Interests: lipids; fatty acids; conjugated isomers of fatty acids; peroxidation; antioxidants; tocopherols; food analysis; chromatography; chemometrics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Agnieszka Białek

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. School of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland
2. Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Insitute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
Interests: cancer; lipidomics; conjugated fatty acids; dietary supplements; pregnancy; polyunsaturated fatty acids; nutrigenomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Michael Munday

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UCL, London, UK
Interests: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; type 2 diabetes; obesity; fatty acid metabolism; fatty liver; biomarkers; proteomics; metabolomics; anti-diabetic drugs; drug metabolism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Issue will focus on the mammalian metabolism of fatty acids. Of particular interest will be any aspect of the structure, function, or regulation of enzymes that are part of these metabolic pathways. This would include investigations of any aspects of the regulation of fatty acid metabolism through post-translational or gene expression mechanisms. It could also include any enzymes or processes that are shown to be targets of the products of these metabolic pathways, or new discoveries in diseases and clinical conditions where the study shows some aspect of fatty acid metabolism to play a causative role in, or to be affected by, the disease (e.g., type 2 diabetes, obesity, immunological disorders, lipodystrophy, steatosis, metabolic syndrome, neurological disorders, cancer). Investigations of drugs and therapeutic interventions that target enzymes or pathways of fatty acid metabolism or research that shows nutritional, therapeutic, or toxicological impacts of fatty acids on physiological function will be of interest. The investigation of fatty acids as potential biomarkers and metabolomic or lipidomic analyses in response to physiological or toxicological challenges will be considered for this Issue.

Dr. Michał Szlis
Dr. Małgorzata Białek
Dr. Agnieszka Białek
Prof. Michael Munday
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fatty acid
  • metabolism
  • regulation
  • enzyme
  • metabolomics
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • disease
  • nutrition

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 17874 KiB  
Article
Lipidomic Profile and Enzymes Activity in Hepatic Microsomes of Rats in Physiological and Pathological Conditions
by Tomasz Lepionka, Małgorzata Białek, Marian Czauderna, Michał Szlis and Agnieszka Białek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010442 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2210
Abstract
Among the risk factors affecting the development of cancer, nutritional factors occupy a significant place. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon extract (BME), used for ages in folk medicine, are nowadays used in the prevention of many diseases and as ingredients of [...] Read more.
Among the risk factors affecting the development of cancer, nutritional factors occupy a significant place. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon extract (BME), used for ages in folk medicine, are nowadays used in the prevention of many diseases and as ingredients of dietary supplements. Despite numerous publications on these raw materials or their active substances, their mechanism of action in various pathological states has not been recognized yet, nor has the safety of their simultaneous use been evaluated. The study aimed to assess how dietary supplementation with either PSO, with BME, or both, affects fatty acids’ profiles and their metabolism in hepatic microsomes, as well as the activity of selected microsomal enzymes (COX-2 and CYP1B1). Experimental animals (Sprague-Dawley rats) were divided into eight parallel experimental groups, differing in applied dietary modifications (control, PSO, BME and both PSO and BME) and introduction of chemical carcinogen—7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene. Obtained results indicated the pronounced effect of the cancerous process on lipid metabolism and demonstrated the antagonistic effect of applied dietary supplements on the content of individual fatty acids and the activity of CYP1B1 and COX-2. The applied broad analytical approach and chemometric data analysis confirmed that raw materials, for which potential cancer prevention has been previously demonstrated, may differ in effects depending on the coexisting pathological state. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymes and Mammalian Fatty Acid Metabolism)
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16 pages, 1745 KiB  
Article
Cardiolipin Stabilizes and Increases Catalytic Efficiency of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II and Its Variants S113L, P50H, and Y479F
by Beate Meinhardt, Leila Motlagh Scholle, Franziska Seifert, Martina Anwand, Markus Pietzsch and Stephan Zierz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 4831; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094831 - 2 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3954
Abstract
Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is associated with various mutations in CPT2 gene. In the present study, the impact of the two CPT II variants P50H and Y479F were characterized in terms of stability and activity in vitro in comparison to [...] Read more.
Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is associated with various mutations in CPT2 gene. In the present study, the impact of the two CPT II variants P50H and Y479F were characterized in terms of stability and activity in vitro in comparison to wildtype (WT) and the well investigated variant S113L. While the initial enzyme activity of all variants showed wild-type-like behavior, the activity half-lives of the variants at different temperatures were severely reduced. This finding was validated by the investigation of thermostability of the enzymes using nano differential scanning fluorimetry (nanoDSF). Further, it was studied whether the protein stabilizing diphosphatidylglycerol cardiolipin (CL) has an effect on the variants. CL indeed had a positive effect on the stability. This effect was strongest for WT and least pronounced for variant P50H. Additionally, CL improved the catalytic efficiency for CPT II WT and the investigated variants by twofold when carnitine was the varied substrate due to a decrease in KM. However, there was no influence detected for the variation of substrate palmitoyl-CoA. The functional consequences of the stabilization by CL in vivo remain open. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymes and Mammalian Fatty Acid Metabolism)
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Review

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18 pages, 1209 KiB  
Review
Disentangling the Molecular Mechanisms of the Antidepressant Activity of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
by Hans O. Kalkman, Martin Hersberger, Suzanne Walitza and Gregor E. Berger
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 4393; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094393 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 6249
Abstract
Major depressive disorders (MDDs) are often associated with a deficiency in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), as well as signs of low-grade inflammation. Epidemiological and dietary studies suggest that a high intake of fish, the major source of ω-3 PUFAs, is [...] Read more.
Major depressive disorders (MDDs) are often associated with a deficiency in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), as well as signs of low-grade inflammation. Epidemiological and dietary studies suggest that a high intake of fish, the major source of ω-3 PUFAs, is associated with lower rates of MDDs. Meta-analyses of randomized placebo-controlled ω-3 PUFAs intervention-trials suggest that primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is responsible for the proposed antidepressant effect. In this review, we dissect the current biological knowledge on EPA and DHA and their bioactive lipid metabolites to search for a pharmacological explanation of this, to date, unexplained clinical observation. Through enzymatic conversion by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (ALOX), and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase (CYP), EPA and DHA are metabolized to major anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators. In addition, both ω-3 PUFAs are precursors for endocannabinoids, with known effects on immunomodulation, neuroinflammation, food intake and mood. Finally, both ω-3 PUFAs are crucial for the structure and organization of membranes and lipid rafts. While most biological effects are shared by these two ω-3 PUFAs, some distinct features could be identified: (1) The preferential CYP monooxygenase pathway for EPA and EPA derived eicosanoids; (2) The high CB2 receptor affinities of EPA-derived EPEA and its epoxy-metabolite 17,18-EEQ-EA, while the DHA-derived endocannabinoids lack such receptor affinities; (3) The competition of EPA but not DHA with arachidonic acid (AA) for particular glycerophospholipids. EPA and AA are preferentially incorporated into phosphatidylinositols, while DHA is mainly incorporated into phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, -serine and -choline. We propose that these distinct features may explain the superior antidepressant activity of EPA rich ω-3 PUFAs and that these are potential novel targets for future antidepressant drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymes and Mammalian Fatty Acid Metabolism)
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