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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 27600

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xixiang Li

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Guest Editor

Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: vegetable crop evolution and classification; genetic diversity; genetic analysis of target traits; gene mapping; vegetable genomics; transcriptome; flowering and sex expression; resistance to diamond back moth and black rot; radish, cucumber
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Yunsong Lai

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Guest Editor

College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Interests: cucumber; capsicum pepper; vegetable germplasm enhancement; vegetable molecular breeding; vegetable genomics; methylation; environmental acclimation; disease resistance; flowering and sex expression
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vegetables, as an indispensable non-staple type of food in people’s daily diet, provide a variety of essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, as well as special phytochemicals which are recognized as functional components for human nutritional balance or medicinal purposes. With the increase in population and dramatic climate change all around the world, there is an increasing demand from societies for a higher quantity and quality of major vegetables. In order to improve the production performance and product quality of vegetable crops effectively, it is a prerequisite to understand the genetic bases of important horticultural traits, quality characters, and stress tolerances and to reveal the crucial genes underlying these traits and their molecular regulation mechanisms for elite trait expression or beneficial component metabolism.

In the past decade, the rapid development of sequencing technologies has promoted great advances in genetics and genomics of vegetable crops. This Special Issue on “Vegetable Genetics and Genomics” welcomes the submission of review and research papers or short communications on the following topics: vegetable genome, comparative genome, and variome research; and genetic dissection of important breeding target traits of horticulture, quality and tolerance to biotic or abiotic stress, and discoveries of new key genes and their molecular regulation mechanisms for valuable traits or metabolic pathways through the advanced technologies of molecular genetics and multiple omics.

Prof. Dr. Xixiang Li
Prof. Dr. Yunsong Lai
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

major vegetable crops
genome
variome
genotyping
GWAS
QTL mapping
functional genome
metabolome
breeding target characters
genetic mechanism
functional genes

Published Papers (13 papers)

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22 pages, 5457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of Stress Related Glyoxalase Genes in Brassica napus L.

by Guixin Yan, Meili Zhang, Wenjie Guan, Fugui Zhang, Wenjun Dai, Lili Yuan, Guizhen Gao, Kun Xu, Biyun Chen, Lixia Li and Xiaoming Wu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2130; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032130 - 21 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1536

Abstract

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is not only one of the most important oil crops in the world, but it is also an important vegetable crop with a high value nutrients and metabolites. However, rapeseed is often severely damaged by adverse stresses, such as low temperature, pathogen infection and so on. Glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII) are two enzymes responsible for the detoxification of a cytotoxic metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) into the nontoxic S-D-lactoylglutathione, which plays crucial roles in stress tolerance in plants. Considering the important roles of glyoxalases, the GLY gene families have been analyzed in higher plans, such as rice, soybean and Chinese cabbage; however, little is known about the presence, distribution, localizations and expression of glyoxalase genes in rapeseed, a young allotetraploid. In this study, a total of 35 BnaGLYI and 30 BnaGLYII genes were identified in the B. napus genome and were clustered into six and eight subfamilies, respectively. The classification, chromosomal distribution, gene structure and conserved motif were identified or predicted. BnaGLYI and BnaGLYII proteins were mainly localized in chloroplast and cytoplasm. By using publicly available RNA-seq data and a quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR), the expression profiling of these genes of different tissues was demonstrated in different developmental stages as well as under stresses. The results indicated that their expression profiles varied among different tissues. Some members are highly expressed in specific tissues, BnaGLYI11 and BnaGLYI27 expressed in flowers and germinating seed. At the same time, the two genes were significantly up-regulated under heat, cold and freezing stresses. Notably, a number of BnaGLY genes showed responses to Plasmodiophora brassicae infection. Overexpression of BnGLYI11 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings confirmed that this gene conferred freezing tolerance. This study provides insight of the BnaGLYI and BnaGLYII gene families in allotetraploid B. napus and their roles in stress resistance, and important information and gene resources for developing stress resistant vegetable and rapeseed oil. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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35 pages, 7036 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Transcriptome Dynamics during Early Fruit Development in Olive (Olea europaea L.)

by Maria C. Camarero, Beatriz Briegas, Jorge Corbacho, Juana Labrador, Mercedes Gallardo and Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020961 - 04 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2166

Abstract

In the olive (Olea europaea L.), an economically leading oil crop worldwide, fruit size and yield are determined by the early stages of fruit development. However, few detailed analyses of this stage of fruit development are available. This study offers an extensive characterization of the various processes involved in early olive fruit growth (cell division, cell cycle regulation, and cell expansion). For this, cytological, hormonal, and transcriptional changes characterizing the phases of early fruit development were analyzed in olive fruit of the cv. ‘Picual’. First, the surface area and mitotic activity (by flow cytometry) of fruit cells were investigated during early olive fruit development, from 0 to 42 days post-anthesis (DPA). The results demonstrate that the cell division phase extends up to 21 DPA, during which the maximal proportion of 4C cells in olive fruits was reached at 14 DPA, indicating that intensive cell division was activated in olive fruits at that time. Subsequently, fruit cell expansion lasted as long as 3 weeks more before endocarp lignification. Finally, the molecular mechanisms controlling the early fruit development were investigated by analyzing the transcriptome of olive flowers at anthesis (fruit set) as well as olive fruits at 14 DPA (cell division phase) and at 28 DPA (cell expansion phase). Sequential induction of the cell cycle regulating genes is associated with the upregulation of genes involved in cell wall remodeling and ion fluxes, and with a shift in plant hormone metabolism and signaling genes during early olive fruit development. This occurs together with transcriptional activity of subtilisin-like protease proteins together with transcription factors potentially involved in early fruit growth signaling. This gene expression profile, together with hormonal regulators, offers new insights for understanding the processes that regulate cell division and expansion, and ultimately fruit yield and olive size. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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18 pages, 4839 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genome-Wide Identification of the SAUR Gene Family in Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida) and Functional Characterization of BhSAUR60 during Fruit Development

by Chen Luo, Jinqiang Yan, Changxia He, Wenrui Liu, Dasen Xie and Biao Jiang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 14021; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214021 - 14 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1831

Abstract

The wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) is an important vegetable crop whose fruits contain nutrients and metabolites. Small auxin upregulated RNA (SAUR) genes constitute the largest early auxin-responsive gene family and regulate various biological processes in plants, although this gene family has not been studied in the wax gourd. Here, we performed genome-wide identification of the SAUR gene family in wax gourds and analyzed their syntenic and phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, and expression patterns. A total of 68 SAUR (BhSAUR) genes were identified, which were distributed on nine chromosomes with 41 genes in two clusters. More than half of the BhSAUR genes were derived from tandem duplication events. The BhSAUR proteins were classified into seven subfamilies. BhSAUR gene promoters contained cis-acting elements involved in plant hormone and environmental signal responses. Further expression profiles showed that BhSAUR genes displayed different expression patterns. BhSAUR60 was highly expressed in fruits, and overexpression led to longer fruits in Arabidopsis. In addition, the plants with overexpression displayed longer floral organs and wavy stems. In conclusion, our results provide a systematic analysis of the wax gourd SAUR gene family and facilitate the functional study of BhSAUR60 during wax gourd fruit development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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29 pages, 27965 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Solanum tuberosum Microtuber Development under Darkness Unveiled through RNAseq Transcriptomic Analysis

by Eliana Valencia-Lozano, Lisset Herrera-Isidrón, Jorge Abraham Flores-López, Osiel Salvador Recoder-Meléndez, Aarón Barraza and José Luis Cabrera-Ponce

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 13835; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213835 - 10 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1851

Abstract

Potato microtuber (MT) development through in vitro techniques are ideal propagules for producing high quality potato plants. MT formation is influenced by several factors, i.e., photoperiod, sucrose, hormones, and osmotic stress. We have previously developed a protocol of MT induction in medium with sucrose (8% w/v), gelrite (6g/L), and 2iP as cytokinin under darkness. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed a transcriptome-wide analysis. Here we show that 1715 up- and 1624 down-regulated genes were involved in this biological process. Through the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses performed in the STRING database (v11.5), we found 299 genes tightly associated in 14 clusters. Two major clusters of up-regulated proteins fundamental for life growth and development were found: 29 ribosomal proteins (RPs) interacting with 6 PEBP family members and 117 cell cycle (CC) proteins. The PPI network of up-regulated transcription factors (TFs) revealed that at least six TFs–MYB43, TSF, bZIP27, bZIP43, HAT4 and WOX9–may be involved during MTs development. The PPI network of down-regulated genes revealed a cluster of 83 proteins involved in light and photosynthesis, 110 in response to hormone, 74 in hormone mediate signaling pathway and 22 related to aging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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20 pages, 5671 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Regulatory Network of Fruit Peel Pigmentation in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

by Xiaohui Zhou, Songyu Liu, Yan Yang, Jun Liu and Yong Zhuang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13475; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113475 - 03 Nov 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2118

Abstract

The color of fruit peel is an economically important character of eggplant, and black-purple eggplant has received much attention for being rich in anthocyanin. However, the reason why different fruit peel colors form in eggplant is not well understood. In the present study, an integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome profiles was performed in five eggplant varieties with different fruit colors. A total of 260 flavonoids were identified, and most of them showed significantly higher abundance in black-purple varieties than in other varieties. The transcriptome analysis indicated the activation of early phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes (SmPAL, SmC4H, and Sm4CL) was more responsible for anthocyanin accumulation, while SmF3′5′H was the key factor for the formation of a purple color. Furthermore, two transcription factors, SmGL2 and SmGATA26, were identified as new hub genes associated with anthocyanin accumulation. The silencing of SmGL2 and SmGATA26 reduced anthocyanin accumulation in eggplant fruit peels, suggesting the possible involvement of SmGL2 and SmGATA26 in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, the pathway of plant hormone signal transduction was significantly enriched, indicating that phytohormones may cooperatively interact to modulate flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provides comprehensive information of flavonoid metabolites and new insights into the regulatory network of fruit coloration, which might be useful for the molecular breeding of eggplant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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18 pages, 2305 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Putative Transcription Factor Genes Associated with Regulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Chili Pepper Fruits Revealed by RNA-Seq Coexpression Analysis

by Maria Guadalupe Villa-Rivera, Octavio Martínez and Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11774; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911774 - 04 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2090

Abstract

During the ripening process, the pericarp of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruits accumulates large amounts of carotenoids. Although the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in the Capsicum genus has been widely studied from different perspectives, the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes has not been elucidated in this fruit. We analyzed RNA-Seq transcriptomic data from the fruits of 12 accessions of Capsicum annuum during the growth, development, and ripening processes using the R package named Salsa. We performed coexpression analyses between the standardized expression of genes encoding carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes (target genes (TGs)) and the genes of all expressed transcription factors (TFs). Additionally, we analyzed the promoter region of each biosynthetic gene to identify putative binding sequences for each selected TF candidate. We selected 83 TFs as putative regulators of the carotenogenic structural genes. From them, putative binding sites in the promoters of the carotenoid-biosynthesis-related structural genes were found for only 54 TFs. These results could guide the search for transcription factors involved in the regulation of the carotenogenic pathway in chili pepper fruits and might facilitate the collection of corresponding experimental evidence to corroborate their participation in the regulation of this biosynthetic pathway in Capsicum spp. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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16 pages, 3516 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genome-Wide Analysis of the MYB-Related Transcription Factor Family in Pepper and Functional Studies of CaMYB37 Involvement in Capsaicin Biosynthesis

by Yi Liu, Zhishuo Zhang, Ke Fang, Qingyun Shan, Lun He, Xiongze Dai, Xuexiao Zou and Feng Liu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11667; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911667 - 01 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2087

Abstract

Chili pepper is an important economic vegetable worldwide. MYB family gene members play an important role in the metabolic processes in plant growth and development. In this study, 103 pepper MYB-related members were identified and grouped into nine subfamilies according to phylogenetic relationships. Additionally, a total of 80, 20, and 37 collinear gene pairs were identified between pepper and tomato, pepper and Arabidopsis, and tomato and Arabidopsis, respectively. We performed promoter cis-element analysis and showed that CaMYB-related members may be involved in multiple biological processes such as growth and development, secondary metabolism, and circadian rhythm regulation. Expression pattern analysis indicated that CaMYB37 is significantly more enriched in fruit placenta, suggesting that this gene may be involved in capsaicin biosynthesis. Through VIGS, we confirmed that CaMYB37 is critical for the biosynthesis of capsaicin in placenta. Our subcellular localization studies revealed that CaMYB37 localized in the nucleus. On the basis of yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays, we found that CaMYB37 directly binds to the promoter of capsaicin biosynthesis gene AT3 and activates its transcription, thereby regulating capsaicin biosynthesis. In summary, we systematically identified members of the CaMYB-related family, predicted their possible biological functions, and revealed that CaMYB37 is critical for the transcriptional regulation of capsaicin biosynthesis. This work provides a foundation for further studies of the CaMYB-related family in pepper growth and development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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16 pages, 4460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Large-Scale Genomic Association Analysis Identifies the Candidate Genes Regulating Salt Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings

by Dongrang Liu, Shaoyun Dong, Han Miao, Xiaoping Liu, Caixia Li, Jianan Han, Shengping Zhang and Xingfang Gu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8260; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158260 - 27 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1626

Abstract

Salt stress seriously restricts plant growth and development, affects yield and quality, and thus becomes an urgent problem to be solved in cucumber stress resistance breeding. Mining salt tolerance genes and exploring the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance could accelerate the breeding of cucumber germplasm with excellent salt stress tolerance. In this study, 220 cucumber core accessions were used for Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and the identification of salt tolerance genes. The salinity injury index that was collected in two years showed significant differences among the core germplasm. A total of seven loci that were associated with salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings were repeatedly detected, which were located on Chr.2 (gST2.1), Chr.3 (gST3.1 and gST3.2), Chr.4 (gST4.1 and gST4.2), Chr.5 (gST5.1), and Chr.6 (gST6.1). Within these loci, 62 genes were analyzed, and 5 candidate genes (CsaV3_2G035120, CsaV3_3G023710, CsaV3_4G033150, CsaV3_5G023530, and CsaV3_6G009810) were predicted via the functional annotation of Arabidopsis homologous genes, haplotype of extreme salt-tolerant accessions, and qRT-PCR. These results provide a guide for further research on salt tolerance genes and molecular mechanisms of cucumber seedlings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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14 pages, 965 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fine Mapping and Gene Analysis of restorer-of-fertility Gene CaRf_HZ in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

by Zhixing Nie, Yunpeng Song, Hong Wang, Jianying Chen, Qingliang Niu and Weimin Zhu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(14), 7633; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147633 - 11 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1696

Abstract

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common biological phenomenon used in hybrid production of peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Although several restorer-of-fertility (Rf) genes of pepper CMS lines have been mapped, there is no report that the Rf gene with clear gene function has been isolated. Here, pepper CMS line HZ1A and its restorer line HZ1C were used to construct (HZ1A × HZ1C) F₂ populations and map the Rf gene. A single dominant gene CaRfHZ conferred male fertility according to inheritance analysis. Using sterile plants from (HZ1A × HZ1C) F₂ populations and bulked segregant analysis (BSA), the CaRf_HZ gene was mapped between P06gInDel-66 and P06gInDel-89 on chromosome 6. This region spans 533.81 kb, where four genes are annotated according to Zunla-1 V2.0 gene models. Based on the analysis of genomic DNA sequences, gene expressions, and protein structures, Capana06g002968 was proposed as the strongest candidate for the CaRf_HZ gene. Our results may help with hybrid pepper breeding and to elucidate the mechanism of male fertility restoration in peppers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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16 pages, 2736 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Garlic Odor Compounds in Cultivated Chinese Chives (Allium tuberosum) and Wild Chinese Chives (Allium hookeri)

by Shi-Wei Xia, Lin-Feng Hang, Siyad Ali, Xiao-Yu Xu, Yan-Jun Liu, Qian-Qian Yan, Qiu-Yu Luo, Yu Li, Li-Jing Lin, Huan-Xiu Li, Xiao-Ai Zhang, Lin-Kai Huang, Xiao Ma and Yun-Song Lai

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7013; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137013 - 24 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2606

Abstract

Chinese chives is a popular herb vegetable and medicine in Asian countries. Southwest China is one of the centers of origin, and the mountainous areas in this region are rich in wild germplasm. In this study, we collected four samples of germplasm from different altitudes: a land race of cultivated Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum), wide-leaf chives and extra-wide-leaf chives (Allium hookeri), and ovoid-leaf chives (Allium funckiaefolium). Leaf metabolites were detected and compared between A. tuberosum and A. hookeri. A total of 158 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) were identified by Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), among which there was a wide range of garlic odor compounds, free amino acids, and sugars. A. hookeri contains a higher content of fructose, garlic odor compounds, and amino acids than A. tuberosum, which is supported by the higher expression level of biosynthetic genes revealed by transcriptome analysis. A. hookeri accumulates the same garlic odor compound precursors that A. tuberosum does (mainly methiin and alliin). We isolated full-length gene sequences of phytochelatin synthase (PCS), γ-glutamyltranspeptidases (GGT), flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), and alliinase (ALN). These sequences showed closer relations in phylogenetic analysis between A. hookeri and A. tuberosum (with sequence identities ranging from 86% to 90%) than with Allium cepa or Allium sativum (which had a lower sequence identity ranging from 76% to 88%). Among these assayed genes, ALN, the critical gene controlling the conversion of odorless precursors into odor compounds, was undetected in leaves, bulbs, and roots of A. tuberosum, which could account for its weaker garlic smell. Moreover, we identified a distinct FMO1 gene in extra-wide-leaf A. hookeri that is due to a CDS-deletion and frameshift mutation. These results above reveal the molecular and metabolomic basis of impressive strong odor in wild Chinese chives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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11 pages, 3543 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genome-Wide Identification of Binding Sites for SmTCP7a Transcription Factors of Eggplant during Bacterial Wilt Resistance by ChIP-Seq

by Xi’ou Xiao, Wenqiu Lin, Enyou Feng, Caiyu Wu and Xiongchang Ou

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6844; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126844 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1806

Abstract

Teosinte branched 1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factor (TCP) transcription factors play a key role in the regulation of plant biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, our results show that SmTCP7a positively regulated bacterial wilt that was caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. ChIP-seq was conducted to analyze the transcriptional regulation mechanism of SmTCP7a before (R0 h) and 48 h after infection (R48 h). SmTCP7a regulated a total of 92 and 91 peak-associated genes in R0 h and R48 h, respectively. A KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinas) signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interactions were involved. The difference in peaks between R0 h and R48 h showed that there were three peak-associated genes that were modulated by infection. A better understanding of the potential target genes of SmTCP7a in response to R. solanacearum will provide a comprehensive understanding of the SmTCP7a regulatory mechanism during the eggplant defense response to bacterial wilt. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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17 pages, 2549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined Analysis Reveals the Key Genes and Their Regulatory Model Responsible for Glucoraphasatin Accumulation in Radish Fleshy Taproots

by Xiaoman Li, Peng Wang, Jinglei Wang, Haiping Wang, Tongjin Liu, Xiaohui Zhang, Jiangping Song, Wenlong Yang, Chunhui Wu, Haohui Yang, Liwang Liu and Xixiang Li

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(6), 2953; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23062953 - 09 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2121

Abstract

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is rich in specific glucosinolates (GSLs), which benefit human health and special flavor formation. Although the basic GSLs metabolic pathway in Brassicaceae plants is clear, the regulating mechanism for specific glucosinolates content in radish fleshy taproots is not well understood. In this study, we discovered that there was a significant difference in the GSLs profiles and the content of various GSLs components. Glucoraphasatin (GRH) is the most predominant GSL in radish taproots of different genotypes as assessed by HPLC analysis. Further, we compared the taproot transcriptomes of three radish genotypes with high and low GSLs content by employing RNA-seq. Totally, we identified forty-one differentially expressed genes related to GSLs metabolism. Among them, thirteen genes (RsBCAT4, RsIPMDH1, RsMAM1a, RsMAM1b, RsCYP79F1, RsGSTF9, RsGGP1, RsSUR1, RsUGT74C1, RsST5b, RsAPK1, RsGSL-OH, and RsMYB28) were significantly higher co-expressed in the high content genotypes than in low content genotype. Notably, correlation analysis indicated that the expression level of RsMYB28, as an R2R3 transcription factor directly regulating aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, was positively correlated with the GRH content. Co-expression network showed that RsMYB28 probably positively regulated the expression of the above genes, particularly RsSUR1, and consequently the synthesis of GRH. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of the accumulation of this 4-carbon (4C) GSL in radish taproots was explored. This study provides new perspectives on the GSLs accumulation mechanism and genetic improvements in radish taproots. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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Review

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25 pages, 14209 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mechanism and Utilization of Ogura Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Cruciferae Crops

by Wenjing Ren, Jinchao Si, Li Chen, Zhiyuan Fang, Mu Zhuang, Honghao Lv, Yong Wang, Jialei Ji, Hailong Yu and Yangyong Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9099; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169099 - 13 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2467

Abstract

Hybrid production using lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has become an important way to utilize heterosis in vegetables. Ogura CMS, with the advantages of complete pollen abortion, ease of transfer and a progeny sterility rate reaching 100%, is widely used in cruciferous crop breeding. The mapping, cloning, mechanism and application of Ogura CMS and fertility restorer genes in Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and other cruciferous crops are reviewed herein, and the existing problems and future research directions in the application of Ogura CMS are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetable Genetics and Genomics)

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