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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Plant-Sourced Compounds
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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Plant-Sourced Compounds

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2025) | Viewed by 10873

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Johana Rondevaldova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Praha, Czech Republic
Interests: antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial combination effect; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; future smart food; green extraction methods; medicinal plants; micronutrients; neglected and underutilized species (NUS); tropical fruits and vegetables; Staphylococcus aureus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants produce a large number of diverse bioactive compounds that help them defend against pathogens and other environmental stressors. For centuries, humans have exploited plants as an invaluable source of secondary metabolites for various purposes, including treating infections, preventing chronic diseases, and preserving food. Many of these bioactive phytochemicals exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and they continue to play a significant role in modern research and medicine.

Over the last few years, antioxidants have received great attention because of their ability to inhibit free radicals responsible for oxidative stress and the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Plants are abundant sources of antioxidants, including vitamins, phenolics, and carotenoids, which play a crucial role in neutralizing harmful free radicals and reactive oxygen species, and thus they can have beneficial effects on human health.

Similarly, an extensive increase in antibiotic resistance owed to a sustained persistence of resistant bacteria has led to increased interest in plant-derived compounds and their possible antibacterial effect. Moreover, some previous studies have found that combinations of antibiotics with plant extracts or phytochemicals can significantly enhance antibiotic activity and overcome bacterial antibiotic resistance.

Although the plants have been traditionally used in various kinds of indigenous medicinal systems and many of their compounds hold promise for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties, further research is needed to fully discover their potential and to understand their mechanisms of action and possible applications in medicine and health. Moreover, their effectiveness can vary depending on factors such as the plant species, extraction methods, and concentrations used. Thus the papers in this Special Issue will provide up-to-date literature analysis and newly generated research on the antibacterial and antioxidant effectiveness of plant extracts, plant-derived compounds, or their synthetic analogs, including innovative approaches for obtaining phytochemical-rich extracts/higher yield of phytocompounds and evaluating their activities, including combinatory effect.

Dr. Johana Rondevaldova
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antibacterial effect
  • antioxidants
  • medicinal plants
  • anti-infective agents
  • phytochemicals

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3698 KiB  
Article
Traditional Medicinal Ranunculaceae Species from Romania and Their In Vitro Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Antiparasitic Potential
by Cristina D. Heller, Farnaz Zahedifard, Ivo Doskocil, Doru Pamfil, Martin Zoltner, Ladislav Kokoska and Johana Rondevaldova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 10987; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010987 - 12 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1671
Abstract
Several Ranunculaceae species are used in folk medicine to eliminate pathologies associated with oxidative stress as well as parasitic infections; however, a number of studies confirming their pharmacological properties is limited. In this study, 19 ethanolic extracts obtained from 16 Ranunculaceae species were [...] Read more.
Several Ranunculaceae species are used in folk medicine to eliminate pathologies associated with oxidative stress as well as parasitic infections; however, a number of studies confirming their pharmacological properties is limited. In this study, 19 ethanolic extracts obtained from 16 Ranunculaceae species were assayed for in vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiparasitic potential. The maximum antioxidant potential in both oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays was observed for Aconitum toxicum extract [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 18.7 and 92.6 μg/mL]. Likewise, Anemone transsilvanica extract exerted the most promising antiproliferative activity against Caco-2 (IC50 46.9 μg/mL) and HT29 (IC50 70.2 μg/mL) cell lines in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, a dual antioxidant and cytotoxicity effect was demonstrated for Aconitum moldavicum and Caltha palustris extracts. Whilst the efficacy of extracts was modest against Trypanosoma brucei (IC50 ranging from 88.8 to 269.3 µg/mL), several extracts exhibited high potency against Leishmania infantum promastigotes (Aconitum vulparia IC50 18.8 µg/mL). We also tested them against the clinically relevant intracellular stage and found extract of A. vulparia to be the most effective (IC50 29.0 ± 1.1 µg/mL). All tested extracts showed no or low toxicity against FHs 74Int normal cell line (IC50 ranging from 152.9 to >512 µg/mL). In conclusion, we suggest the above-mentioned plant extracts as potential candidates for development of novel plant-based antioxidant and/or antiproliferative and/or antileishmanial compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Plant-Sourced Compounds)
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20 pages, 5074 KiB  
Article
Chlorogenic Acid Enhances the Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets by Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway and Activating the Nrf2 Pathway
by Beibei Zhang, Min Tian, Jing Wu, Yueqin Qiu, Xiaoming Xu, Chaoyang Tian, Jing Hou, Li Wang, Kaiguo Gao, Xuefen Yang and Zongyong Jiang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 9954; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189954 - 15 Sep 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1698
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural polyphenol with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the exact role of it in regulating intestinal health under oxidative stress is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary CGA supplementation on the [...] Read more.
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural polyphenol with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the exact role of it in regulating intestinal health under oxidative stress is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary CGA supplementation on the intestinal health of weaned piglets under oxidative stress, and to explore its regulatory mechanism. Twenty-four piglets were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg CGA (CGA). CGA reduced the diarrhea rate, increased the villus height in the jejunum, and decreased the crypt depth in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of the weaned piglets (p < 0.05). Moreover, CGA increased the protein abundance of Claudin-1, Occludin, and zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). In addition, CGA increased the mRNA expression of pBD2 in the jejunum, and pBD1 and pBD2 in the ileum (p < 0.05). The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that CGA altered the ileal microbiota composition and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus pontis (p < 0.05). Consistently, the findings suggested that the enhancement of the intestinal barrier in piglets was associated with increased concentrations of T-AOC, IL-22, and sIgA in the serum and T-AOC, T-SOD, and sIgA in the jejunum, as well as T-AOC and CAT in the ileum caused by CGA (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, CGA decreased the concentrations of MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum and jejunum and IL-1β and IL-6 in the ileum (p < 0.05). Importantly, this study found that CGA alleviated intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in the piglets by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. These findings showed that CGA enhances the intestinal health of weaned piglets by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and activating the Nrf2 pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Plant-Sourced Compounds)
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17 pages, 4757 KiB  
Article
Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) Water Extracts Reduce Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress in the Caenorhabditis elegans
by Xian Xiao, Fanhua Wu, Bing Wang, Zeping Cai, Lanying Wang, Yunfei Zhang, Xudong Yu and Yanping Luo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9655; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179655 - 6 Sep 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1404
Abstract
Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) (Kidney tea) is a very distinctive ethnic herbal medicine in China. Its leaves are widely used as a healthy tea. Many previous studies have demonstrated its various longevity-promoting effects; however, the safety and specific health-promoting effects of Clerodendranthus spicatus ( [...] Read more.
Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) (Kidney tea) is a very distinctive ethnic herbal medicine in China. Its leaves are widely used as a healthy tea. Many previous studies have demonstrated its various longevity-promoting effects; however, the safety and specific health-promoting effects of Clerodendranthus spicatus (C. spicatus) as a dietary supplement remain unclear. In order to understand the effect of C. spicatus on the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), we evaluated its role in C. elegans; C. spicatus water extracts (CSw) were analyzed for the major components and the effects on C. elegans were investigated from physiological and biochemical to molecular levels; CSw contain significant phenolic components (primarily rosmarinic acid and eugenolinic acid) and flavonoids (primarily quercetin and isorhamnetin) and can increase the lifespan of C. elegans. Further investigations showed that CSw modulate stress resistance and lipid metabolism through influencing DAF-16/FoxO (DAF-16), Heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), and Nuclear Hormone Receptor-49 (NHR-49) signalling pathways; CSw can improve the antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of C. elegans and prolong the lifespan of C. elegans (with the best effect at low concentrations). Therefore, the recommended daily use of C. spicatus should be considered when consuming it as a healthy tea on a daily basis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Plant-Sourced Compounds)
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19 pages, 2024 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial Evaluation of Two Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinol Compounds: PPAP23 and PPAP53
by Aparna Viswanathan Ammanath, Miki Matsuo, Huanhuan Wang, Frank Kraus, Anton Bleisch, Philipp Peslalz, Majd Mohammad, Meghshree Deshmukh, Anne Grießhammer, Moushumi Purkayastha, Andreas Vorbach, Boris Macek, Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt, Lisa Maier, Dorothee Kretschmer, Andreas Peschel, Tao Jin, Bernd Plietker and Friedrich Götz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8023; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158023 - 23 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1967
Abstract
Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) comprise a large group of compounds of mostly plant origin. The best-known compound is hyperforin from St. John’s wort with its antidepressant, antitumor and antimicrobial properties. The chemical synthesis of PPAP variants allows the generation of compounds with improved [...] Read more.
Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) comprise a large group of compounds of mostly plant origin. The best-known compound is hyperforin from St. John’s wort with its antidepressant, antitumor and antimicrobial properties. The chemical synthesis of PPAP variants allows the generation of compounds with improved activity and compatibility. Here, we studied the antimicrobial activity of two synthetic PPAP-derivatives, the water-insoluble PPAP23 and the water-soluble sodium salt PPAP53. In vitro, both compounds exhibited good activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Both compounds had no adverse effects on Galleria mellonella wax moth larvae. However, they were unable to protect the larvae from infection with S. aureus because components of the larval coelom neutralized the antimicrobial activity; a similar effect was also seen with serum albumin. In silico docking studies with PPAP53 revealed that it binds to the F1 pocket of human serum albumin with a binding energy of −7.5 kcal/mol. In an infection model of septic arthritis, PPAP23 decreased the formation of abscesses and S. aureus load in kidneys; in a mouse skin abscess model, topical treatment with PPAP53 reduced S. aureus counts. Both PPAPs were active against anaerobic Gram-positive gut bacteria such as neurotransmitter-producing Clostridium, Enterococcus or Ruminococcus species. Based on these results, we foresee possible applications in the decolonization of pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Plant-Sourced Compounds)
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12 pages, 883 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of In Vitro Synergistic Effects of Tetracycline with Alkaloid-Related Compounds against Diarrhoeic Bacteria
by Hayford Osei-Owusu, Johana Rondevaldova, Marketa Houdkova, Tomas Kudera, Tersia Needham, Anna Mascellani and Ladislav Kokoska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 6038; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25116038 - 30 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1468
Abstract
Diarrhoea remains an important public health concern, particularly in developing countries, and has become difficult to treat because of antibacterial resistance. The development of synergistic antimicrobial agents appears to be a promising alternative treatment against diarrhoeic infections. In this study, the combined effect [...] Read more.
Diarrhoea remains an important public health concern, particularly in developing countries, and has become difficult to treat because of antibacterial resistance. The development of synergistic antimicrobial agents appears to be a promising alternative treatment against diarrhoeic infections. In this study, the combined effect of tetracycline together with either nitroxoline, sanguinarine, or zinc pyrithione (representing various classes of plant-based compounds) was evaluated in vitro against selected diarrhoeic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Yersinia enterocolitica). The chequerboard method in 96-well microtiter plates was used to determine the sum of the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs). Three independent experiments were performed per combination, each in triplicate. It was observed that the combination of tetracycline with either nitroxoline, sanguinarine, or zinc pyrithione produced synergistic effects against most of the pathogenic bacteria tested, with FICI values ranging from 0.086 to 0.5. Tetracycline–nitroxoline combinations produced the greatest synergistic action against S. flexneri at a FICI value of 0.086. The combinations of the agents tested in this study can thus be used for the development of new anti-diarrhoeic medications. However, studies focusing on their in vivo anti-diarrhoeic activity and safety are required before any consideration for utilization in human medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Plant-Sourced Compounds)
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14 pages, 1249 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Synthetic Polyoxygenated Flavonoids
by Mauricio Enrique Osorio-Olivares, Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez, Katy Díaz, Javiera Canelo, Lautaro Taborga and Luis Espinoza-Catalán
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5999; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115999 - 30 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1298
Abstract
Flavonoids are an abundant class of naturally occurring compounds with broad biological activities, but their limited abundance in nature restricts their use in medicines and food additives. Here we present the synthesis and determination of the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of twenty-two structurally [...] Read more.
Flavonoids are an abundant class of naturally occurring compounds with broad biological activities, but their limited abundance in nature restricts their use in medicines and food additives. Here we present the synthesis and determination of the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of twenty-two structurally related flavonoids (five of which are new) by scientifically validated methods. Flavanones (FV1–FV11) had low inhibitory activity against the bacterial growth of MRSA 97-7. However, FV2 (C5,7,3′,4′ = OH) and FV6 (C5,7 = OH; C4′ = SCH3) had excellent bacterial growth inhibitory activity against Gram-negative E. coli (MIC = 25 µg/mL for both), while Chloramphenicol (MIC = 25 µg/mL) and FV1 (C5,7,3′ = OCH3; 4′ = OH) showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive L. monocytogenes (MIC = 25 µg/mL). From the flavone series (FO1–FO11), FO2 (C5,7,3′,4′ = OH), FO3 (C5,7,4′ = OH; 3′ = OCH3), and FO5 (C5,7,4′ = OH) showed good inhibitory activity against Gram-positive MRSA 97-7 (MIC = 50, 12, and 50 µg/mL, respectively), with FO3 being more active than the positive control Vancomycin (MIC = 25 µg/mL). FO10 (C5,7= OH; 4′ = OCH3) showed high inhibitory activity against E. coli and L. monocytogenes (MIC = 25 and 15 µg/mL, respectively). These data add significantly to our knowledge of the structural requirements to combat these human pathogens. The positions and number of hydroxyl groups were key to the antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Plant-Sourced Compounds)
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