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Cancer Drug Resistance and Therapeutic Targets

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 July 2026 | Viewed by 513

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Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1718 Pine Street, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
Interests: development of phytochemicals for cancer prevention and therapeutics; targeting STAT-3; NF-kB; HER2; MCL-1; AKT/FOXO; GLI1/2; and related signaling pathways with agents such as capsaicin; piperlongumine; penfluridol; isothiocyanates; diindolylmethane; panabinostat; cucurbitacin B; and deguelin in pancreatic; ovarian; breast; melanoma; and brain cancer; drug repurposing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer drug resistance remains one of the most significant barriers to effective therapy, limiting the success of chemotherapy and targeted treatments across multiple cancer types. Resistance arises through a network of molecular and cellular alterations that enable tumor survival under therapeutic pressure. Key mechanisms include mutations in drug targets, activation of alternative signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK), and epigenetic modifications that reprogram gene expression. Overexpression of efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein and enhanced DNA repair capacity further reduce drug efficacy, while dysregulation of apoptosis regulators like BCL-2 and p53 promotes tumor persistence.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) also plays a critical role, with hypoxia, inflammatory cytokines, and exosome-mediated communication fostering resistance and metastatic potential. Emerging strategies aim to overcome these mechanisms through epigenetic therapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, metabolic targeting, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery.

This Special Issue, “Cancer Drug Resistance and Therapeutic Targets,” highlights the latest research elucidating resistance mechanisms and identifying novel molecular targets for intervention. By integrating multi-omics approaches and translational insights, this issue aims to advance the development of personalized and durable cancer therapies, ultimately improving outcomes for patients facing resistant malignancies.

Researchers are invited to submit their original research articles as well as reviews to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Sanjay K. Srivastava
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • drug resistance
  • therapeutic targets
  • efflux transporters’ oncogenic signaling pathways
  • tumor microenvironment
  • dna damage/repair
  • personalized therapies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 8551 KB  
Article
Contribution of Mesenchymal-like and Epithelial Cellular Subsets to Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
by Ngoc B. Vuong, Olga Y. Korolkova, Michael G. Izban, Nobelle I. Sakwe, Antonisha R. McIntosh, Destiny D. Ball, Perrin J. Black, Alayjha D. Edwards, Billy R. Ballard, Samuel E. Adunyah and Amos M. Sakwe
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(7), 3157; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27073157 - 31 Mar 2026
Viewed by 214
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors are typically heterogeneous, predominantly epithelial tissues with discrete patches of mesenchymal-like TNBC cells that differ in their invasiveness, proliferation potential and response to treatment. However, the impact of mesenchymal-like and epithelial TNBC cells on the persistence of chemotherapy-resistant [...] Read more.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors are typically heterogeneous, predominantly epithelial tissues with discrete patches of mesenchymal-like TNBC cells that differ in their invasiveness, proliferation potential and response to treatment. However, the impact of mesenchymal-like and epithelial TNBC cells on the persistence of chemotherapy-resistant disease remains poorly understood. Mesenchymal-like and epithelial TNBC cell types were detected by multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry using antibodies against vimentin, Ki67, and Annexin A6 (AnxA6). Chemotherapy drug-resistant mesenchymal-like and epithelial TNBC cell populations were established by pulse exposure and stepwise dose escalation and validated by 3D cultures and unbiased antibody arrays. Analysis of the response of TNBC tumors treated with six common chemotherapy regimens resulted in 36% complete response and 64% partial response with residual tumor sizes ranging from 0.5 to 37.0 mm. Treatment of TNBC cells with chemotherapy agents led to distinct resistance signatures including downregulation of survivin and upregulation of M-CSF and CXCL8/IL-8 in the model mesenchymal-like TNBC cells, and upregulation of CCL2/MCP-1, CTSS and DKK-1 in model epithelial TNBC cells. The inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β (p-S9) increased in paclitaxel-resistant epithelial cells but decreased in resistant mesenchymal-like TNBC cells. Finally, chemotherapy resistance also activated p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK1/2) in both cell types, while activation of mitogen- and stress-activated kinases (MSK1/2) was only observed in chemotherapy-resistant epithelial TNBC cells. These data reveal that chemotherapy resistance of epithelial and mesenchymal-like TNBC cellular subsets led to distinct profiles of proinflammatory and immune cell chemotactic cytokines and modulated the activities of GSK-3β, p90 RSK1/2 and the related MSK1/2. Targeting these factors and/or the associated signaling pathways may help overcome chemotherapy resistance in TNBC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Drug Resistance and Therapeutic Targets)
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