Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis Pathway and Nitric Oxide Signaling in Human Diseases

Dear Colleagues,

Nitric oxide (NO) was identified as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor in 1987. Recent pharmacological and clinical evidence has advanced our knowledge on NO biosynthesis and NO signaling in health and disease. NO plays important roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes in cardiovascular, neurotransmission, gastrointestinal, and host defense systems by regulating transcription activity and posttranscriptional modification of their downstream effector proteins. Research is now focused on the pharmacological and clinical significance of canonical (NO synthase-mediated oxidation of _L-arginine) and noncanonical (sequential reduction of nitrate/nitrite to NO) NO generation pathways, and on enhancing NO bioavailability in health and disease. NO, a free radical, is a double-edged sword; its role depends on the sites and amounts of generation. Therefore, this theme welcomes studies dealing with controversial findings. I look forward to fruitful discussions in this Special Issue and call for both original articles and reviews, which would provide the readers of IJMS with new findings and comprehensive elucidation about the NO biosynthesis pathway and NO signaling in health and disease, necessary for developing novel research approaches, particularly leading to therapeutic strategies.

Dr. Jun Kobayashi
Guest Editor

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