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Bone Ontogeny, Embryology, and Homeostasis 2.0
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Bone Ontogeny, Embryology, and Homeostasis 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 6847

Special Issue Editor

Prof. J. Kelly Smith

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departments of Academic Affairs and Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 70300, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
Interests: exercise; immunology; microgravity; bone physiology; bone homeostasis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) is planning to publish a Special Issue on the topics of bone ontogeny, embryology, and homeostasis. Bone diseases are prevalent worldwide, with osteoporosis accounting for an estimated nine million vertebral fractures worldwide in 2000 and osteoarthritis accounting for an estimated 17,135 years of life lived with disability in 2010. The negative impact of microgravity on the skeletal system is of increasing concern to space agencies of the United States, Russia, and China, whose plans include colonization of Earth’s moon within the next decade. Additionally, there is increasing interest in using stem cell implants and injections and newly developed pharmaceuticals to treat bone diseases. The goal of this Special Issue is to provide an in-depth understanding of the ontogeny, embryology, and homeostasis of bone, with emphasis being placed on recent research that has contributed to our understanding of the skeletal system at a molecular level. I invite those with interests in bone ontogeny, embryology, or bone homeostasis to contribute an article to this Special Issue.

Prof. J. Kelly Smith
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • skeletal system
  • bone ontogeny
  • osteogenesis
  • ossification
  • bone homeostasis
  • bone physiology
  • pharmaceuticals

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 5813 KiB  
Article
(S)-2-(Cyclobutylamino)-N-(3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)isonicotinamide Attenuates RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation by Inhibiting NF-κB Nuclear Translocation
by Mina Ding, Eunjin Cho, Zhihao Chen, Sang-Wook Park and Tae-Hoon Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4327; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054327 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1576
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease; however, effective pharmacological treatments still need to be discovered. This study aimed to identify new drug candidates for the treatment of osteoporosis. Here, we investigated the effect of EPZ compounds, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitors, on [...] Read more.
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease; however, effective pharmacological treatments still need to be discovered. This study aimed to identify new drug candidates for the treatment of osteoporosis. Here, we investigated the effect of EPZ compounds, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitors, on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation via molecular mechanisms by in vitro experiments. EPZ015866 attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, and its inhibitory effect was more significant than EPZ015666. EPZ015866 suppressed the F-actin ring formation and bone resorption during osteoclastogenesis. In addition, EPZ015866 significantly decreased the protein expression of Cathepsin K, NFATc1, and PU.1 compared with the EPZ015666 group. Both EPZ compounds inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by inhibiting the dimethylation of the p65 subunit, which eventually prevented osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Hence, EPZ015866 may be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Ontogeny, Embryology, and Homeostasis 2.0)
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14 pages, 1988 KiB  
Article
Curcumin Reduces Pathological Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Increasing Proteolysis of Mutant Matrilin-3
by Ella P. Dennis, Robyn N. Watson, Florence McPate and Michael D. Briggs
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1496; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021496 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1403
Abstract
The intracellular retention of mutant cartilage matrix proteins and pathological endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress disrupts ossification and has been identified as a shared disease mechanism in a range of skeletal dysplasias including short limbed-dwarfism, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 5 (EDM5). Although targeting ER [...] Read more.
The intracellular retention of mutant cartilage matrix proteins and pathological endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress disrupts ossification and has been identified as a shared disease mechanism in a range of skeletal dysplasias including short limbed-dwarfism, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 5 (EDM5). Although targeting ER stress is an attractive avenue for treatment and has proven successful in the treatment of a related skeletal dysplasia, to date no drugs have proven successful in reducing ER stress in EDM5 caused by the retention of mutant matrilin-3. Our exciting findings show that by using our established luciferase ER stress screening assay, we can identify a “natural” chemical, curcumin, which is able to reduce pathological ER stress in a cell model of EDM5 by promoting the proteasomal degradation mutant matrilin-3. Therefore, this is an important in vitro study in which we describe, for the first time, the success of a naturally occurring chemical as a potential treatment for this currently incurable rare skeletal disease. As studies show that curcumin can be used as a potential treatment for range of diseases in vitro, current research is focused on developing novel delivery strategies to enhance its bioavailability. This is an important and exciting area of research that will have significant clinical impact on a range of human diseases including the rare skeletal disease, EDM5. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Ontogeny, Embryology, and Homeostasis 2.0)
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10 pages, 992 KiB  
Article
Mild Hypophosphatemia-Associated Conditions in Children: The Need for a Comprehensive Approach
by Pablo Docio, Sandra Llorente-Pelayo, María Teresa García-Unzueta, Bernardo A. Lavin-Gómez, Nuria Puente, Fátima Mateos, Leyre Riancho-Zarrabeitia, Domingo Gonzalez-Lamuño and José A. Riancho
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010687 - 30 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1653
Abstract
To better understand the causes of hypophosphatemia in children, we evaluated all serum phosphate tests performed in a tertiary hospital with unexpected but persistent temporary or isolated hypophosphatemia over an 18 year period. We collected 29,279 phosphate tests from 21,398 patients, of which [...] Read more.
To better understand the causes of hypophosphatemia in children, we evaluated all serum phosphate tests performed in a tertiary hospital with unexpected but persistent temporary or isolated hypophosphatemia over an 18 year period. We collected 29,279 phosphate tests from 21,398 patients, of which 268 (1.2%) had at least one result showing hypophosphatemia. We found that endocrinopathies (n = 60), tumors (n = 10), and vitamin D deficiency (n = 3) were the medical conditions most commonly associated with mild hypophosphatemia, but in many patients the cause was unclear. Among patients with endocrinopathies, those with diabetes mellitus were found to have lower mean serum phosphate levels (mean 3.4 mg/dL) than those with short stature (3.7 mg/dL) or thyroid disorders (3.7 mg/dL). In addition, we found a correlation between glycemia and phosphatemia in patients with diabetes. However, despite the potential relevance of monitoring phosphate homeostasis and the underlying etiologic mechanisms, renal phosphate losses were estimated in less than 5% of patients with hypophosphatemia. In the pediatric age group, malignancies, hypovitaminosis D, and endocrine disorders, mostly diabetes, were the most common causes of hypophosphatemia. This real-world study also shows that hypophosphatemia is frequently neglected and inadequately evaluated by pediatricians, which emphasizes the need for more education and awareness about this condition to prevent its potentially deleterious consequences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Ontogeny, Embryology, and Homeostasis 2.0)
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Review

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15 pages, 1291 KiB  
Review
Could BMPs Therapy Be Improved if BMPs Were Used in Composition Acting during Bone Formation in Endochondral Ossification?
by Anna Hyc, Anna Osiecka-Iwan and Stanislaw Moskalewski
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(18), 10327; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810327 - 07 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1735
Abstract
The discovery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) inspired hope for the successful treatment of bone disorders, but side effects worsening the clinical effects were eventually observed. BMPs exert a synergistic effect, stimulating osteogenesis; however, predicting the best composition of growth factors for use [...] Read more.
The discovery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) inspired hope for the successful treatment of bone disorders, but side effects worsening the clinical effects were eventually observed. BMPs exert a synergistic effect, stimulating osteogenesis; however, predicting the best composition of growth factors for use in humans is difficult. Chondrocytes present within the growth plate produce growth factors stored in calcified cartilage adhering to metaphysis. These factors stimulate initial bone formation in metaphysis. We have previously determined the growth factors present in bovine calcified cartilage and produced by rat epiphyseal chondrocytes. The results suggest that growth factors stimulating physiological ossification are species dependent. The collection of human calcified cartilage for growth factors determination does not appear feasible, but chondrocytes for mRNA determination could be obtained. Their collection from young recipients, in view of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges Recommendation, would be ethical. The authors of this review do not have facilities to conduct such a study and can only appeal to competent institutions to undertake the task. The results could help to formulate a better recipe for the stimulation of bone formation and improve clinical results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Ontogeny, Embryology, and Homeostasis 2.0)
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