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Oral Microbiota in Health and Disease: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2025) | Viewed by 484

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The oral microbiome represents one of the most diverse and dynamic microbial communities in the human body, playing pivotal roles in both maintaining oral health and contributing to oral diseases. This Special Issue will expand our understanding of the complex interactions between oral microorganisms and host tissues, with a particular emphasis on molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic approaches. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatic analyses have revolutionized our understanding of oral microbial communities, revealing intricate ecological networks that influence periodontal health, caries development, oral mucosal integrity, and even systemic conditions. The identification of keystone pathogens, beneficial commensals, and their bioactive metabolites has opened new avenues for targeted interventions beyond traditional antimicrobial strategies. For this Special Issue, we welcome contributions that will advance our fundamental understanding of the oral microbiota’s composition, function, and host interactions across health and disease states. We particularly encourage submissions exploring novel molecular mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies targeting the oral microbiome.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Molecular mechanisms underlying host–microbiome interactions in oral health and disease;
  • Advanced multi-omics approaches to characterizing oral microbial communities;
  • Novel biomarkers derived from the oral microbiota for disease prediction and monitoring;
  • Innovative antimicrobial strategies with enhanced specificity for oral pathogens;
  • Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in oral health maintenance;
  • The role of the oral microbiota in modulating local and systemic inflammation;
  • Microbiome considerations in special patient populations (immunocompromised, elderly, pediatric);
  • Technological advances in the sampling, analysis, and manipulation of oral microbial communities.

We invite researchers and clinicians to contribute original research articles, comprehensive reviews, systematic analyses, and clinical studies that will collectively advance our understanding of the oral microbiota's role in health and disease.

Dr. Biagio Rapone
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • oral microbiome
  • periodontal health and disease
  • host-microbiome interactions
  • oral pathogens
  • antimicrobial strategies
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • postbiotics
  • ioactive metabolites
  • immunocompromised

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 1688 KB  
Review
The Molecular Interplay Between Oral Microbiome and Oral Cancer Pathogenesis
by Roxana-Nicoleta Urzică, Brigitte Crețu, Ana Căruntu, Săndica Bucurica, Alexandru-Titus Farcasiu, Laurențiu Mihai Ciupescu, Cristian Scheau and Constantin Căruntu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(20), 10212; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262010212 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 251
Abstract
The oral microbiome plays a key role in oral cancer pathogenesis through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, dysregulated proliferation, and increased tumor invasiveness. Dysbiosis, frequently present in premalignant and malignant lesions, may initiate or accelerate malignant transformation. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), representing [...] Read more.
The oral microbiome plays a key role in oral cancer pathogenesis through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, dysregulated proliferation, and increased tumor invasiveness. Dysbiosis, frequently present in premalignant and malignant lesions, may initiate or accelerate malignant transformation. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), representing over 90% of oral cancers and affecting more than 350,000 people worldwide each year, is strongly linked to microbial shifts. Common periodontal pathogens such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis are often enriched in OSCC. These bacteria may promote tumorigenesis by activating NF-κB and STAT3 pathways, suppressing apoptosis, and modulating host immune responses. Additional potential mechanisms include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and genotoxins, inhibition of tumor suppressors such as p53, disruption of cell-cycle regulation via cyclin-dependent kinase pathway, and upregulation of β-catenin and toll-like receptor signaling. These molecular alterations cause DNA damage, immune surveillance evasion, angiogenesis, promoting tumor progression. Microbiota-modulating therapies, such as Lactobacillus probiotics, may complement standard treatments by restoring balance, boosting immunity, and limiting tumor growth. Engineered bacteriotherapy, microbiome-targeted immunomodulators, and microbiota-based diagnostics expand therapeutic options in oral cancer and, combined with advances in precision medicine, may support more personalized treatments and improved outcomes. Full article
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