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Plant Extracts and Their Biological Activities: In Vitro and In Vivo

A Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) belonging to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2026 | Viewed by 1363

Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant-derived extracts have long been recognized as rich sources of bioactive molecules with significant potential for therapeutic, agricultural, and industrial applications.

Advances in molecular and analytical sciences now allow for deeper characterization of these compounds and their mechanisms of action. This Special Issue, “Plant Extracts and Their Biological Activities: In Vitro and In Vivo,” aims to highlight cutting-edge research that elucidates the molecular basis of plant extract functions. We particularly welcome studies that identify active constituents, characterize molecular pathways, or integrate biochemical, genomic, proteomic, or metabolomic approaches. In vitro and in vivo investigations that uncover mechanistic insights into antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, or other biological activities are strongly encouraged. Please note that purely clinical or survey-based studies fall outside the scope of IJMS and will not be considered.

Dr. Ângelo Luís
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • plant extracts
  • bioactive compounds
  • molecular mechanisms
  • in vitro and in vivo studies
  • biological activities

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2939 KB  
Article
Determinants of Antibacterial Activity in Humulus lupulus Hop Extracts: Phytochemical Profiling of Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols and Efficacy Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
by Przemysław Leszczyński, Dorota Wojnicz, Dorota Tichaczek-Goska, Michał Gleńsk, Alan Gasiński and Joanna Kawa-Rygielska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(18), 8364; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27188364 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2026
Abstract
Optimizing hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extraction protocols for maximum antibacterial efficacy remains an open methodological challenge in developing plant-based natural antimicrobials. We compared five extraction protocols—hot ethanol, cold ethanol, espresso/steam, hot water, and cold water—applied to four hop varieties (Citra, Lubelski, Magnat [...] Read more.
Optimizing hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extraction protocols for maximum antibacterial efficacy remains an open methodological challenge in developing plant-based natural antimicrobials. We compared five extraction protocols—hot ethanol, cold ethanol, espresso/steam, hot water, and cold water—applied to four hop varieties (Citra, Lubelski, Magnat and Marynka), with a commercial supercritical CO2 extract as a reference preparation. We characterized extracts by HPLC (α-acids, β-acids, iso-α-acids) and GC-MS (volatile profile of cold ethanol extracts) and determined antibacterial activity as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against reference and clinically relevant multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Friedman tests confirmed a statistically significant effect of extraction method on MIC values (p ≤ 0.004 for E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 29213, and clinical MRSA). Ethanol-based protocols consistently produced the highest hop acid concentrations and the lowest MICs against S. aureus ATCC 29213 (0.125–0.250 mg/mL) and against clinical MRSA (as low as 0.016 mg/mL), compared with 1.0–15.0 mg/mL for aqueous and steam-based extracts. Clinical MRSA demonstrated increased susceptibility to selected ethanol extracts and to the CO2 reference. MDR uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) maintained high-level resistance (MIC 15 mg/mL) to all preparations except the CO2 reference (MIC 6 mg/mL). Spearman correlation identified α-acid content as the dominant predictor of antibacterial activity (ρ = −0.927, p < 0.001 for S. aureus ATCC 29213). These results suggest ethanol-based and supercritical CO2 extraction as optimal protocols for producing hop extracts with antibacterial properties targeting Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA, and provide a rationale for their use as natural antimicrobials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Extracts and Their Biological Activities: In Vitro and In Vivo)
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19 pages, 2398 KB  
Article
Brassica nigra L. Seed Extracts as a Promising Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents
by Nichcha Nitthikan, Siripat Chaichit, Kanittapon Supadej, Jintana Junlatat and Kanokwan Kiattisin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(10), 4603; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104603 - 20 May 2026
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Abstract
Black mustard (Brassica nigra L.) seeds are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals; however, their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory potential has not been comprehensively explored. Therefore, this study aimed to assess antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects of black mustard seed extracts obtained [...] Read more.
Black mustard (Brassica nigra L.) seeds are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals; however, their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory potential has not been comprehensively explored. Therefore, this study aimed to assess antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects of black mustard seed extracts obtained from Soxhlet extraction with hexane (HE) and ethanol (EE), and ultrasonic-assisted ethanolic (UE) extraction. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of sinapic acid in all extracts. Phytochemical profiling revealed that the EE was enriched in phenolic compounds, while the UE exhibited a higher flavonoid content. Accordingly, both EE and UE demonstrated strong antioxidant activities, including radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. All extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The anti-inflammatory potential of extracts was supported by the inhibition of lipoxygenase and protease. The UE showed the strongest lipoxygenase inhibition, while the EE and UE exhibited comparable protease inhibitory effect. Regarding RAW264.7 cells, the extracts were non-cytotoxic and reduced the expression of IL-6 and IL-31. Molecular docking analysis suggested that sinapic acid contributes to the anti-inflammatory activity through interactions with key inflammatory targets. Overall, the EE and UE demonstrated multitarget antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting their potential application in functional and dermatological formulations for inflammation management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Extracts and Their Biological Activities: In Vitro and In Vivo)
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