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Interactions of Microbiome in Skin, Gastrointestinal, and Mucocutaneous Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 3100

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
2. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
Interests: gastroenterology; pancreatitis; gastritis and duodenitis; diverticulosis; ischemic bowel disease

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Guest Editor
1. School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
2. Dermatology Department, NYC Health + Hospitals/Metropolitan, New York, NY, USA
3. Dermatology Department, NYC Health + Hospitals/Coney Island, New York, NY, USA
Interests: molecular dermatology; targeted therapy; cutaneous oncology; immunodermatology; cutaneous biology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human body hosts a vast array of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and their genetic materials, primarily residing within the skin, mucosa, and gastrointestinal tract. Collectively known as the microbiome, these microorganisms begin to establish themselves during birth and ultimately become unique companions for each individual, similar to fingerprints. Since the late 1990s, scientific evidence has progressively emerged, highlighting the intricate relationship between the human microbiome and human health, which has evolved alongside advancements in molecular science. 

The human microbiome and its connection to the immune system have also become a recent focus. At the molecular level, the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract and skin diseases involves complex interactions between the host immune system and microbial factors, such as Cutibacterium acnes and acne vulgaris; Staphylococcus aureus and severe atopic dermatitis; Malassezia furfur and seborrheic dermatitis; and microbiome and inflammatory responses in psoriasis involving IL-17 and IL-23 pathways; gut microbiota may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma. Additionally, microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites, can modulate immune cell function and cytokine production.

In this Special Issue, we extend a warm invitation to researchers to submit their papers addressing the pathogenic mechanisms, immune mechanisms, and molecular treatments of microorganisms on human diseases (especially gastrointestinal and skin diseases). We will discuss emerging research on the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota modulation in skin diseases, such as psoriasis, acne, and atopic dermatitis, and the interplay between the gut–skin axis and the significance of the skin microbiome.

Prof. Dr. Capercomorin S. Pitchumoni
Dr. Bijan Safai
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • human microbiome
  • immune system
  • skin disease
  • gut–skin axis
  • gut flora
  • microbe-host interactions
  • microbial metabolites
  • dysbiosis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 5264 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Active Spreading Vitiligo Based on Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing
by Hyun Jeong Ju, Woo Hyun Song, Ji Hae Shin, Ji Hae Lee, Jung Min Bae, Young Bok Lee and Minho Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 2939; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26072939 - 24 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease with a significant psychological burden and complex pathogenesis. While genetic factors contribute approximately 30% to its development, recent evidence suggests a crucial role of the gut microbiome in autoimmune diseases. This study investigated differences in gut microbiome [...] Read more.
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease with a significant psychological burden and complex pathogenesis. While genetic factors contribute approximately 30% to its development, recent evidence suggests a crucial role of the gut microbiome in autoimmune diseases. This study investigated differences in gut microbiome composition and metabolic pathways between active spreading vitiligo patients and healthy controls using shotgun whole-genome sequencing in a Korean cohort. Taxonomic profiling reveals distinct characteristics in microbial community structure, with vitiligo patients showing an imbalanced proportion dominated by Actinomycetota and Bacteroidota. The vitiligo group exhibited significantly reduced abundance of specific species including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Faecalibacteriumduncaniae, and Meamonas funiformis, and increased Bifidobacterium bifidum compared to healthy controls. Metabolic pathway analysis identified significant enrichment in O-glycan biosynthesis pathways in vitiligo patients, while healthy controls showed enrichment in riboflavin metabolism and bacterial chemotaxis pathways. These findings provide new insights into the gut–skin axis in vitiligo pathogenesis and suggest potential therapeutic targets through microbiota modulation. Full article
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Review

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10 pages, 716 KiB  
Review
Follicular Skin Disorders, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and the Microbiome: A Systematic Review
by Lauren Fleshner, Katie Roster, Banu Farabi, Rahim Hirani, Katharine Tepper, Capecomorin S Pitchumoni, Bijan Safai and Shoshana Marmon
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 10203; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810203 - 23 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2198
Abstract
Follicular skin disorders, including hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), frequently coexist with systemic autoinflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its subtypes, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Previous studies suggest that dysbiosis of the human gut microbiome may serve as a pathogenic link [...] Read more.
Follicular skin disorders, including hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), frequently coexist with systemic autoinflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its subtypes, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Previous studies suggest that dysbiosis of the human gut microbiome may serve as a pathogenic link between HS and IBD. However, the role of the microbiome (gut, skin, and blood) in the context of IBD and various follicular disorders remains underexplored. Here, we performed a systematic review to investigate the relationship between follicular skin disorders, IBD, and the microbiome. Of the sixteen included studies, four evaluated the impact of diet on the microbiome in HS patients, highlighting a possible link between gut dysbiosis and yeast-exclusion diets. Ten studies explored bacterial colonization and HS severity with specific gut and skin microbiota, including Enterococcus and Veillonella. Two studies reported on immunological or serological biomarkers in HS patients with autoinflammatory disease, including IBD, and identified common markers including elevated cytokines and T-lymphocytes. Six studies investigated HS and IBD patients concurrently. Our systematic literature review highlights the complex interplay between the human microbiome, IBD, and follicular disorders with a particular focus on HS. The results indicate that dietary modifications hold promise as a therapeutic intervention to mitigate the burden of HS and IBD. Microbiota analyses and the identification of key serological biomarkers are crucial for a deeper understanding of the impact of dysbiosis in these conditions. Future research is needed to more thoroughly delineate the causal versus associative roles of dysbiosis in patients with both follicular disorders and IBD. Full article
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