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Cutaneous Biology, Molecular Dermatology and Dermatopathology, 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 6444

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
2. Dermatology Department, NYC Health + Hospitals/Metropolitan, New York, NY, USA
3. Dermatology Department, NYC Health + Hospitals/Coney Island, New York, NY, USA
Interests: molecular dermatology; targeted therapy; cutaneous oncology; immunodermatology; cutaneous biology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The past few decades have witnessed considerable advancements in the field of molecular technology. Dermatology has benefited from these new developments more than most other medical disciplines. Dermatology has become one of the fastest-growing fields in medicine and is at the forefront of disciplines utilizing these new advances. Much has been learned about the pathogenic mechanisms and diagnostic tools applied in this field, and many targeted therapies have been discovered for the treatment of various inflammatory and neoplastic disorders.

The advances in molecular technologies have opened new research avenues, specifically in the area of immunohistochemistry and the identification of cellular biomarkers. Other molecular techniques—such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, blotting techniques, flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry—have been employed in dermatology in order to improve our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of dermatologic diseases and their diagnosis. More importantly, we have recently witnessed the onset of the application of whole-genomic sequencing, together with CRISPR and mRNA sequencing, in dermatology. While these technologies are in their early phases of development, they can provide many new insights into the biology of skin disorders.

Led by Prof. Dr. Bijan Safai, with the assistance of our Topical Advisory Panel Member Dr. Banu Farabi (New York Medical College-Metropolitan Hospital), this publication highlights some very exciting and informative areas of dermatology and their impacts on diagnosis and treatment approaches. This publication highlights some very exciting and informative areas of dermatology and their impacts on diagnosis and treatment approaches.

Prof. Dr. Bijan Safai
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • molecular dermatology
  • targeted therapy
  • cutaneous oncology
  • immunodermatology
  • cutaneous biology

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3755 KB  
Article
Inducible Costimulator and Its Ligand Promote Proliferation and Migration of Tumor Cells in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
by Kenta Oka, Takuya Miyagawa, Hiromichi Morita, Hiraku Suga, Tomomitsu Miyagaki, Sayaka Shibata, Hiroaki Kamijo, Yuka Mizuno, Teruyoshi Hisamoto, Issei Omori, Hikari Boki, Tomonori Oka, Naomi Takahashi-Shishido, Makoto Sugaya and Shinichi Sato
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1408; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031408 - 30 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is a costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor expressed on activated T-cells, while the ICOS ligand (ICOSL) is expressed on antigen-presenting cells. The ICOS–ICOSL axis promotes the survival of memory and effector T-cells and induces several immune responses. In addition, the ICOS–ICOSL [...] Read more.
Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is a costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor expressed on activated T-cells, while the ICOS ligand (ICOSL) is expressed on antigen-presenting cells. The ICOS–ICOSL axis promotes the survival of memory and effector T-cells and induces several immune responses. In addition, the ICOS–ICOSL interaction induces cell proliferation, cell survival, and cytokine production. The roles of ICOS and ICOSL in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are unclear. In this study, we examined the roles of ICOS and ICOSL in CTCL. The tumor cells co-expressed ICOS and ICOSL, and the upregulated expression of ICOS and ICOSL reflected disease severity. Anti-ICOS and anti-ICOSL neutralizing antibodies inhibited both the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of CTCL cell lines. The anti-ICOSL neutralizing antibodies induced apoptosis and suppressed CCR4 expression on tumor cells, inhibiting CCR4–CCL17-mediated migration. These results suggest that the ICOS–ICOSL axis plays an essential role in CTCL pathogenesis, and targeting the ICOS–ICOSL axis could be a viable strategy for treating CTCL. Full article
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19 pages, 16516 KB  
Article
Identification of Basement Membrane-Related Biomarkers in the Progression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Shuaijun Zou, Sijia Huang, Jun Liu, Ruiqian Yao, Xiaoyan Yang, Haixia Zhao, Lin Du, Liangzhe Wang and Yuanjie Zhu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031394 - 30 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Basement membrane (BM) breaching is a critical hallmark of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) invasion. This study aimed to identify novel BM-related genes (BMRGs) to effectively distinguish invasive cSCC from actinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen’s disease (BD), and to identify potential therapeutic targets. [...] Read more.
Basement membrane (BM) breaching is a critical hallmark of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) invasion. This study aimed to identify novel BM-related genes (BMRGs) to effectively distinguish invasive cSCC from actinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen’s disease (BD), and to identify potential therapeutic targets. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used for BMRGs identification within keratinocytes and fibroblasts clusters. Protein–protein interaction network analysis and Lasso regression were performed for hub BMRGs screening, together with nomogram model construction and validation. In this study, 6–9 central hub BMRGs were identified for each stage during cSCC progression with a good AUC value (>0.8). In keratinocytes, BMRGs such as integrins (ITGB1, ITGA3, ITGA6), laminins (LAMA3, LAMC1), CD44, and FN1 were upregulated in cSCC compared to AK or BD (adjusted p < 0.05); in fibroblasts, BMRGs including ITGB1, ITGAV, LUM, BGN, SDC1, and FN1 were upregulated in cSCC (adjusted p < 0.05), suggesting their collective role in BM breaching and invasion, as well as a higher risk of BD. This study provides novel biological insights into the differentiation of progression pathways from AK or BD to cSCC, as well as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Full article
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13 pages, 266 KB  
Article
Assessment of Serum and Saliva CRP, IL-17, and IL-19 Levels in Patients with Different Severity of Acne Vulgaris
by Nazlı Karimi Ahmadi, Okan Arıhan, Aslı Şan Dağlı Gül, Sedef Nur Yeşil and Başak Yalıcı Armağan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(24), 12117; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262412117 - 17 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, and cytokines such as interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-19 (IL-19), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are thought to contribute to its immunopathogenesis. This study investigated serum and salivary levels of CRP, IL-17, and IL-19 in patients with [...] Read more.
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, and cytokines such as interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-19 (IL-19), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are thought to contribute to its immunopathogenesis. This study investigated serum and salivary levels of CRP, IL-17, and IL-19 in patients with AV and examined their relationship with disease severity. A total of 99 participants aged 15–30 years were classified into Control (n = 28), Moderate AV (n = 43), and Severe AV (n = 28) groups using the Global Evaluation Acne (GEA) Scale. Serum and saliva samples were analyzed using ELISA and immunoturbidimetric assays. Statistical comparisons and correlation analyses were performed. Serum IL-17 levels were significantly higher in the control group compared to both acne groups (p < 0.05), with no gender-related differences. Salivary cytokine levels showed no significant group differences. However, IL-17 and IL-19 were strongly correlated in both saliva (r = 0.672, p < 0.005) and serum (r = 0.538, p < 0.005) across the entire study population. Serum and salivary CRP levels showed no significant differences between groups. In contrast to previous reports, our study found lower serum IL-17 levels in AV patients compared to healthy controls, challenging the assumption of its purely pro-inflammatory role and suggesting a potential compensatory or regulatory immune mechanism to maintain homeostasis. These findings may also reflect distinct physiological pathways between systemic interleukin activity and localized skin inflammation. Although salivary cytokine levels did not differ significantly among groups, strong intra-sample correlations highlight their interaction and support saliva’s potential as a non-invasive tool for monitoring immune activity. Full article

Review

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47 pages, 892 KB  
Review
Utilization of Stem Cells in Medicine: A Narrative Review
by Banu Ismail Mendi, Rahim Hirani, Alyssa Sayegh, Mariah Hassan, Lauren Fleshner, Banu Farabi, Mehmet Fatih Atak and Bijan Safai
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9659; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199659 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 5484
Abstract
Regenerative medicine holds significant promise for addressing diseases and irreversible damage that are challenging to treat with conventional methods, making it a prominent research focus in modern medicine. Research on stem cells, a key area within regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal capabilities, [...] Read more.
Regenerative medicine holds significant promise for addressing diseases and irreversible damage that are challenging to treat with conventional methods, making it a prominent research focus in modern medicine. Research on stem cells, a key area within regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal capabilities, is expanding, positioning them as a novel therapeutic option. Stem cells, utilized in various treatments, are categorized based on their differentiation potential and the source tissue. The term ‘stem cell’ encompasses a broad spectrum of cells, which can be derived from embryonic tissues, adult tissues, or generated by reprogramming differentiated cells. These cells, applied across numerous medical disciplines including cardiovascular, neurological, and hematological disorders, as well as wound healing, demonstrate varying therapeutic applications based on their differentiation capacities, each presenting unique advantages and limitations. Nevertheless, the existing literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis examining stem cell therapy and its cellular subtypes across different medical specialties. This review addresses this lacuna by collectively categorizing contemporary stem cell research according to medical specialty and stem cell classification, offering an exhaustive analysis of their respective benefits and constraints, thereby elucidating multifaceted perspectives on the clinical implementation of this therapeutic modality. Full article
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