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Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Natural Products in the Management of Diabetes and Its Complications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 1000

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes is among the most pressing global health challenges, contributing significantly to morbidity and premature mortality associated with chronic diseases. It is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by pancreatic dysfunction, insulin resistance, and/or impaired insulin secretion, leading to chronic hyperglycemia. The increasing worldwide prevalence of diabetes imposes enormous socio-economic costs and reduces quality of life. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, plays a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes and its complications, including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.

Natural products have long been recognized for their medicinal value. These bioactive metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes, exhibit remarkable antioxidant properties that counteract oxidative damage, restore redox balance, and protect cellular integrity. In addition to their antioxidant potentials, natural products demonstrate antidiabetic effects by improving insulin sensitivity, enhancing glucose uptake, modulating carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, and regulating lipid metabolism. This dual functionality positions natural products as promising therapeutic candidates for preventing and managing diabetes and its associated complications.

This Special Issue seeks to advance our understanding of the antioxidant and antidiabetic therapeutic potential of natural products. We welcome original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and short communications addressing the following:

  • The identification, characterization, and isolation of phytochemicals with antioxidant and/or antidiabetic activities.
  • Mechanistic insights into how natural products modulate oxidative stress pathways, insulin signaling, glucose homeostasis, and metabolic regulation.
  • Preclinical and clinical studies assessing the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of natural product-based interventions.
  • Integrative approaches, including metabolomics, molecular docking, systems biology, and computational modeling, used to explore therapeutic pathways.
  • Novel formulations, delivery systems, and synergistic combinations of natural products for improved therapeutic outcomes.

By bringing together cutting-edge research in this field, this collection aims to highlight natural products as powerful agents in addressing the dual burden of oxidative stress and diabetes, paving the way for innovative and accessible therapeutic strategies with global health relevance.

Dr. Ochuko Lucky Erukainure
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diabetes
  • natural products
  • obesity
  • medicinal plants
  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidants

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 5627 KB  
Article
Effects of Carvacrol on Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy: Histological, Gene Expression, and Biochemical Insights
by Halime Tuba Canbaz, Mehmet Enes Sozen, Ilknur Cinar Ayan, Hasan Basri Savas, Furkan Adem Canbaz, Gokhan Cuce and Serpil Kalkan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010291 - 27 Dec 2025
Viewed by 722
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to renal damage through oxidative stress. Carvacrol (CAR), a monoterpenoid phenol, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the potential effects of CAR on histological, gene expression, and biochemical parameters in a rat model of DM. Four groups were [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to renal damage through oxidative stress. Carvacrol (CAR), a monoterpenoid phenol, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the potential effects of CAR on histological, gene expression, and biochemical parameters in a rat model of DM. Four groups were created: group 1, control; group 2 (n = 9), DM; group 3 (n = 9), DM + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and group 4 (n = 9), DM + CAR. DM was created by injecting streptozotocin (STZ). CAR (20 mg/kg) was prepared through dissolution in 0.1% DMSO. CAR and 0.1% DMSO were administered daily for 4 weeks to groups 4 and 3, respectively. At the end of this study, urea, creatinine, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and arylesterase (ARES) were measured in serum samples. Histopathological changes and expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in renal tissues were assessed. Immunohistochemical(ihc) staining and RT-qPCR analysis were performed to evaluate apoptosis, focusing on Bax and Bcl-2gene expression. Masson’s trichrome(MT) staining and RT-qPCR analysis of COL1A1 and COL3A1 mRNA levels were used to assess fibrosis. Increased urea and creatinine levels in DM were significantly decreased after CAR administration. CAR application also improved reduced levels of PON 1 and ARES, which are associated with diabetes. Both immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that CAR therapy mitigated the diabetes-induced elevation in Bax and reduction in Bcl-2 expression. CAR treatment improved histopathological findings and renal Nrf-2 immunofluorescence(if) intensity. Furthermore, gene expression analysis demonstrated that COL1A1 and COL3A1 were upregulated in DM, while CAR administration downregulated them. In conclusion, CAR has a protective role in decreasing renal impairment linked to DM by regulating Bax and Bcl-2 levels and rectifying histological damage. Full article
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