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Unraveling Immunometabolism in Sepsis: From Cellular Reprogramming to Therapeutic Targets

A Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) belonging to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2027 | Viewed by 1391

Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sepsis continues to pose a major clinical and scientific challenge worldwide, driven by a complex interplay between dysregulated immune responses and profound metabolic disturbances. In recent years, immunometabolism has emerged as a crucial lens through which to reinterpret the pathophysiology of sepsis. Cellular metabolic reprogramming influences leukocyte activation, cytokine production, pathogen clearance, and ultimately the trajectory of organ dysfunction. Understanding these intricate bioenergetic shifts not only deepens our insight into disease mechanisms but also reveals a spectrum of novel biomarkers and actionable therapeutic targets.

This Special Issue, “Unraveling Immunometabolism in Sepsis: From Cellular Reprogramming to Therapeutic Targets”, aims to gather cutting-edge research and authoritative reviews that explore the metabolic underpinnings of immune dysregulation in sepsis. We encourage contributions investigating molecular pathways, translational approaches, diagnostic innovations, and experimental or clinical interventions that harness immunometabolic modulation. By bringing together expertise from immunology, metabolism, critical care, and systems biology, we hope to foster a multidisciplinary dialog that advances both scientific understanding and clinical impact. Researchers are warmly invited to submit their latest findings to help shape a more precise and therapeutically informed vision of sepsis care.

Dr. Marcello Candelli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • sepsis
  • immunometabolism
  • metabolic reprogramming
  • cellular bioenergetics
  • innate and adaptive immunity
  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • inflammatory signaling
  • metabolic biomarkers
  • therapeutic modulation
  • host–pathogen interactions

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 3999 KB  
Review
Mitochondrial Immunometabolism in Sepsis: From Oxidative Stress and mtDAMP Signaling to Biomarker-Guided Therapy
by Minsoo Kim, Phyu Phyu Khin, Hyeran Jung, Chang Woo Chae, Byeong Hwa Jeon and Cuk-Seong Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(13), 5918; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27135918 - 30 Jun 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 781
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection and progressive organ dysfunction. Although early antimicrobial therapy, source control, hemodynamic resuscitation, and organ support remain the foundations of care, these approaches do not directly reverse the cellular mechanisms that [...] Read more.
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection and progressive organ dysfunction. Although early antimicrobial therapy, source control, hemodynamic resuscitation, and organ support remain the foundations of care, these approaches do not directly reverse the cellular mechanisms that connect systemic inflammation to multi-organ failure. Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a central mechanism linking impaired oxygen utilization, oxidative and nitrosative stress, immune-cell metabolic reprogramming, inflammatory amplification, and organ injury. During sepsis, inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide, microcirculatory abnormalities, calcium dysregulation, and metabolic stress converge on mitochondria, impairing oxidative phosphorylation and promoting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation. When mitochondrial quality-control programs, including fission, fusion, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis, fail to restore network integrity, damaged mitochondria accumulate and become persistent sources of oxidative stress and danger signals. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, particularly mitochondrial DNA, oxidized mitochondrial DNA, cardiolipin, ATP, and N-formyl peptides, activate innate immune pathways such as TLR9-MyD88-NF-kappaB, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and cGAS-STING signaling. In parallel, mitochondrial metabolism shapes macrophage activation, neutrophil function, T-cell competence, pyruvate-lactate handling through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and the transition between hyperinflammation and immunosuppression. Clinical translation remains challenging because sepsis is biologically heterogeneous and mitochondrial dysfunction is dynamic, tissue-specific, and influenced by disease stage. This review synthesizes current knowledge on mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis, emphasizing oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial quality control, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling, immunometabolism, organ-specific injury, candidate biomarkers, clinical translational strategies for mitochondria-targeted therapy, and future approaches based on multi-omics and artificial intelligence-assisted patient stratification. We argue that future therapeutic development should move beyond nonspecific antioxidant supplementation toward time-sensitive, phenotype-informed, and biomarker-guided mitochondrial medicine. Full article
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