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Biomarkers in Diabetes Mellitus: From Discovery to Clinical Application
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Biomarkers in Diabetes Mellitus: From Discovery to Clinical Application

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 1528

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jelena Vekic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: lipids; lipoproteins; atherosclerosis; diabetes; biomarkers; laboratory diagnostics; medical biochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Aleksandra Zeljkovic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: lipoprotein metabolism; cholesterol homeostasis; non-cholesterol sterols; sphingolipids; lipid biomarkers; dyslipidemia in pregnancy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes mellitus remains a significant global health challenge, characterized by rising prevalence and a substantial healthcare burden due to associated complications. Given the heterogeneous nature and multifactorial pathogenesis of diabetes, there is a critical need for accurate diagnostic and prognostic tools to improve patient outcomes. In this context, biomarkers play a pivotal role by enabling early detection, risk stratification, personalized therapeutic strategies and effective disease progression monitoring and treatment responses.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the latest advances in the discovery, validation and clinical translation of biomarkers associated with diabetes and its complications. We invite submissions of original research articles and review papers on genetic and biochemical biomarkers, particularly those that reflect the distinct molecular profiles of type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. We especially encourage contributions focused on predictive and prognostic biomarkers of microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications. Submissions employing advanced molecular approaches, including lipidomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and integrated multi-omics strategies, are highly welcome. We are also interested in translational and clinical research that explores the application of biomarkers in real-world healthcare settings, especially those that inform therapeutic decision making, as well as studies that support the integration of molecular biomarkers into precision medicine frameworks. We look forward to your valuable contributions.

Prof. Dr. Jelena Vekic
Prof. Dr. Aleksandra Zeljkovic
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes mellitus
  • biomarkers
  • diabetes complications
  • omics technologies
  • risk stratification
  • therapeutic response
  • personalized medicine

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1752 KB  
Article
Frequency of Polymorphisms in SLC47A1 (rs2252281 and rs2289669) and SLC47A2 (rs34834489 and rs12943590) and the Influence of SLC22A1 (rs72552763 and rs622342) on HbA1c Levels in Mexican-Mestizo Patients with DMT2 Treated with Metformin Monotherapy
by Milton Abraham Gómez-Hernández, Adiel Ortega-Ayala, Oscar Rodríguez-Lima, Abraham Landa, Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano and Juan A. Molina-Guarneros
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8652; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178652 - 5 Sep 2025
Viewed by 600
Abstract
Diabetes type 2 (DT2) entails significant health, economic, and productivity repercussions around the world. Poor glycaemic control, defined as an HbA1c >7.0%, has been associated with a number of complications. In spite of the large share of healthcare resources allocated to DT2 treatment, [...] Read more.
Diabetes type 2 (DT2) entails significant health, economic, and productivity repercussions around the world. Poor glycaemic control, defined as an HbA1c >7.0%, has been associated with a number of complications. In spite of the large share of healthcare resources allocated to DT2 treatment, the proportion of controlled Mexican patients is among the lowest in the world (34.4%). Certain protein-encoding genetic polymorphisms involved in metformin transport may affect glycaemic control. We focused on determining the frequency of rs2289669, rs2252281, rs12943590, and rs34834489 polymorphisms in Mexican-Mestizo patients from the Tertiary Care Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca, State of Mexico, Mexico, as well as assessing their possible association with therapeutic efficacy, as estimated through glycated haemoglobin. The individual polymorphism analysis did not reveal an association with glycaemic control; however, when combined with rs72552763 and rs622342, we found a significant positive correlation between HbA1c levels and metformin dose, which prevailed among patients carrying allelic variants of rs2289669 or rs12943590 who were also simultaneously carrying allelic variants of rs72552763 or rs622342. Patients carrying the reference allele of rs34834489 reported a significant positive correlation between HbA1c levels and metformin dose as well, regardless of their rs72552763 or rs622342 genotype. Thus, we identified alleles and allelic combinations of SLC47A1, SLC47A2, and SLC22A1 polymorphisms posing a potential glycaemic control risk in Mexican-Mestizo patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Diabetes Mellitus: From Discovery to Clinical Application)
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18 pages, 389 KB  
Article
Global DNA Methylation in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association with Redox and Inflammatory Biomarkers
by Sanja Vujcic, Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic, Zoran Vujcic, Sanja Stojanovic, Teodora Beljic Zivkovic, Miljanka Vuksanovic, Milica Marjanovic Petkovic, Iva Perovic Blagojevic, Branka Koprivica-Uzelac, Sanja Ilic-Mijailovic, Manfredi Rizzo, Aleksandra Zeljkovic, Tatjana Stefanovic, Srecko Bosic and Jelena Vekic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(14), 6716; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146716 - 13 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 673
Abstract
Although emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), data remain limited for patients with suboptimal metabolic control. The aim of this study was to assess global DNA methylation in patients with poorly [...] Read more.
Although emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), data remain limited for patients with suboptimal metabolic control. The aim of this study was to assess global DNA methylation in patients with poorly controlled T2DM and to identify diabetes-related factors associated with DNA methylation levels. The study included 107 patients and 50 healthy controls. Global DNA methylation (5mC) was measured by UHPLC-DAD method. Pro-oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers, advanced glycation end-products, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and complete blood count were determined and leukocyte indices calculated. Patients had a significantly lower 5mC than controls (3.56 ± 0.31% vs. 4.00 ± 0.68%; p < 0.001), with further reductions observed in those with longer disease duration and diabetic foot ulcers. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were higher in the patient group. DNA hypomethylation was associated with a higher monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and hsCRP, pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance, ischemia-modified albumin, and advanced oxidation protein products levels. Conversely, 5mC levels showed positive correlations with total antioxidant status and total sulfhydryl groups. Principal component analysis identified five key factors: proinflammatory, pro-oxidant, aging, hyperglycemic, and antioxidant. The pro-oxidant factor emerged as the sole independent predictor of global DNA hypomethylation in T2DM (OR = 2.294; p = 0.027). Our results indicate that global DNA hypomethylation could be a biomarker of T2DM progression, reflecting the complex interactions between oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications in T2DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Diabetes Mellitus: From Discovery to Clinical Application)
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