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Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Cytotoxicity of Platinum-Based Therapeutics

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2025 | Viewed by 769

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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Platinum-based therapies, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are widely used for the chemotherapeutic eradication of various cancers. However, their clinical application is limited by severe side effects, including systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have introduced innovative modifications, such as platinum nanoclusters and targeted delivery systems, which aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy while simultaneously minimizing adverse effects. These approaches offer improved tumor selectivity, reduced toxicity, and potential applications in overcoming drug resistance. In addition to DNA damage, other key mechanisms of platinum drugs include ER stress, acidification of the cytoplasm, disruption of RNA transcription, inhibition of key oncogenic proteins, and a decrease in the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells, in addition to changes in their mechanobiology. Researchers continue to explore molecular mechanisms, innovative drug designs, and combination therapies to expand the therapeutic utility of platinum-based drugs. This issue explores the latest insights into the molecular mechanisms of action, cytotoxicity, and innovative approaches to improve the therapeutic index of platinum-based agents.

Dr. Antonella Muscella
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • platinum-based drugs
  • cancer therapy
  • cisplatin
  • drug resistance
  • nanodrugs
  • targeted delivery systems
  • molecular mechanisms
  • systemic toxicity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 2606 KB  
Article
Dysregulated lncRNAs in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Their Association with Apoptosis and Autophagy: An Exploratory In Vitro Study
by Yuliannis Lugones, Pía Loren, Carola E. Matus, Nelia M. Rodriguez, Pamela Leal-Rojas, Rody San Martín, Kathleen Saavedra, Nicolás Saavedra, Patricia Moriel and Luis A. Salazar
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(22), 11201; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262211201 - 19 Nov 2025
Viewed by 441
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, but its clinical application is limited by nephrotoxicity. Conventional renal markers lack sensitivity for early cisplatin nephrotoxicity while long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) display cisplatin-responsive changes with exploratory value. The present study aimed to explore the differential [...] Read more.
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, but its clinical application is limited by nephrotoxicity. Conventional renal markers lack sensitivity for early cisplatin nephrotoxicity while long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) display cisplatin-responsive changes with exploratory value. The present study aimed to explore the differential expression of eight lncRNAs on in vitro model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Human kidney cell lines HEK-293 and HK-2 were exposed to increasing concentrations of cisplatin for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by colorimetric assays to ascertain the concentrations resulting in 25% (IC25), 50% (IC50), and 75% (IC75) cell death (inhibitory concentration). Apoptotic and autophagy-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot, and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate the expression of the lncRNAs. Cisplatin-induced cell death with IC25, IC50, and IC75 values of 8.8, 15.43 and 27 μM for HEK-293 cells, and 8.1, 13.57, and 22.8 μM for HK-2 cells. Protein analysis showed an increase in cleaved caspase-9, reduction of caspase-3 and increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, with no changes in caspase 7 and Beclin-1. The lncRNAs UCA1, XLOC_032768, HOTAIR, LINC-ROR, and PRNCR1 were downregulated, whereas OIP5-AS1 was upregulated; in contrast, GAS5 and PVT1 remained unchanged. In conclusion, this exploratory in vitro study identifies cisplatin-responsive dysregulation of lncRNAs in human renal cells and delineates their associations with apoptosis and autophagy. Full article
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