Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation

The positioning and navigation are taken for granted by the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The GNSS services and applications grow through the renewal and expansion of different systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, COMPASS).

Whether traveling by car or as a pedestrian with a smartphone, low-cost, ubiquitous Positioning and Navigation are available by positioning services of GNSS and radio cells. The applications are myriad, ranging from land, air and maritime navigation; military and security-related operations; agriculture, mining and construction; geodesy, surveying and mapping; machine automation and robotics; transportation; emergency response and disaster management; personal location-based services; and others. The service is available almost anywhere and at any time. Problems occur however, if less than four satellites are visible. This is usually the case in buildings and urban canyons.

For these areas different technology are under development for Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation. Currently, there is no designated indoor system that met expectations as GNSS in outdoor. There are a number of systems which are used alone or in combination. These technologies work e.g. using radio waves, acoustic, optical, infrared or radar signals, signal strength, magnetic sensors, inertial sensors, etc. The increasing capabilities of current mobile phones have turned them into portable information, communication and navigation devices, thereby putting the vast information available on the internet into a local context. Location-based services, delivering the locally relevant information to the phone just in time, are a growing part of the web-service industry.

Prof. Dr. Harald Sternberg
Guest Editor

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