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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 8977

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Daniel J. McDonough

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Guest Editor

1. School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
2. Principal Investigator, K99/R00, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Interests: exercise physiology; exercise science; physical activity and health; obesity; energy balance; sport physiology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent global estimates indicate that 30% of adults and 80% of adolescents do not meet the recommendations for aerobic exercise. Similarly, approximately 70% of adults do not meet the recommendations for muscle strengthening exercise, 58% of whom engage in no muscle strengthening exercise. With concurrent global increases in sedentary behavior, physical inactivity is now estimated to be responsible for 3.2 million deaths and to cost healthcare systems worldwide INT$ 53.8 billion annually. Therefore, urgent public health action is needed to increase priority and investment directed towards services that promote physical activity and exercise and decrease sedentary behavior both within health and other key sectors. Expanding the evidence base demonstrating the health benefits of increased exercise and/or reduced sedentary time across all age groups will help achieve this. Accordingly, this Special Issue aims to provide selected contributions to advances in cardiometabolic, mental, and weight-related health from aerobic and/or muscle strengthening exercise and/or decreasing sedentary behavior.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Exercise and/or sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic health;
Exercise and/or sedentary behavior and mental health;
Dose–response and/or the minimum effective dose of aerobic and/or muscle strengthening exercise and health;
Exercise and/or sedentary behavior and chronic disease;
Exercise and/or sedentary behavior and energy balance;
Exercise and/or sedentary behavior and body composition;
Exercise and/or sedentary behavior and novel intermediates of cardiometabolic health (e.g., the human gut microbiome).

Dr. Daniel J. McDonough
Guest Editor

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Keywords

physical activity
sedentary behaviors
physical activity and health promotion
muscle-strengthening exercise
aerobic exercise
muscle-strengthening physical activity
strength training
chronic disease
risk factors
obesity
cardiometabolic health
physical health
mental health

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Telehealth Home-Based Exercise Program for Community-Dwelling Older People with Dementia in Indonesia: A Feasibility Study

by Yulisna Mutia Sari, Elissa Burton, Den-Ching A. Lee and Keith D. Hill

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3397; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043397 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2371

Abstract

(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a telehealth home-based exercise program for older people with dementia living in Indonesia with support from their informal carers. (2) Methods: Pre–post intervention single group study with three assessment time-points (baseline, 12 and 18 weeks). Participants with dementia underwent a 12-week physiotherapist-delivered telehealth exercise program, with informal carer supervision between supervised online sessions, and continued the exercises for a further six weeks without physiotherapist online supervision. (3) Results: Thirty dyads of older people with dementia and their informal carers were recruited; four (13.3%) withdrew across the 12-week intervention and one (3.3%) in the 6-week self-maintenance period. Median adherence was 84.1% (IQR [25, 75] = 17.1) during the 12-week intervention, and 66.7% (IQR [25, 75] = 16.7) in the self-maintenance period. No falls/adverse events were reported. Physical activity level, some aspects of function and disability, health-related benefits of exercise, exercise enjoyment and quality of life of older people with dementia improved significantly at 12 and 18 weeks. (4) Conclusions: The telehealth exercise program is feasible and safe and may have benefits for the health outcomes of community-living older people with dementia in Indonesia. Additional strategies are necessary to enhance longer-term adherence to the program. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Sedentary Behavior and Health)

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11 pages, 354 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Long-Term Endurance Exercise on Cardiac Morphology, Function, and Injury Indicators among Amateur Marathon Runners

by Jianzhong Hu, Songqing Zhou, Suryeon Ryu, Kaitlyn Adams and Zan Gao

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2600; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032600 - 31 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2543

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term endurance exercise on cardiac morphology and function, as well as injury indicators, among amateur marathon runners. We recruited 33 amateur runners who participated in a marathon. Participants were divided into experimental and control groups according to their National Athletic Grade. The experimental group included participants with a National Athletic Grade of 2 or better, and the control group included participants who did not have a National Athletic Grade. Cardiac morphology, function, and injury indicators were assessed before and after the participants’ involvement in the Changsha International Marathon. All cardiac morphology and function indicators returned to pre-race levels at 24 h post-race, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume indicators showed similar trends. Both stroke volume (SV) and percent fractional shortening (%FS) indicators showed similar trends in changes in the measurements before and after the race. SV showed no change between the pre-race and post-race periods. On the other hand, %FS showed a significant increase in the immediate post-race period, followed by restoration of its level at 24 h post-race. Among myocardial injury indicators, serum levels of cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measured before the race, immediately after the race, and 24 h after the race displayed similar trends in changes among CK, CK-MB, LDH, and AST, while NT-proBNP levels did not change. We concluded that high-level amateur marathon runners had greater heart volumes, as well as wall and septal thicknesses, than low-level marathon runners, with differences in heart volume being the most pronounced. Long-term high-intensity endurance exercise caused some damage to the hearts of amateur runners. High-level runners showed better myocardial repair ability, and their levels of myocardial injury markers showed greater decreases at 24 h post-race, while low-level runners had poorer myocardial repair ability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Sedentary Behavior and Health)

13 pages, 366 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Partly and Fully Supervised Physical Exercise Effects on Cognitive Functions and Movement Proficiency of Adolescents

by Aija Klavina, Viktors Veliks, Inta Gulevska, Aleksandrs Aniscenko, Juris Porozovs and Anna Zusa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16480; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416480 - 8 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1445

Abstract

This study explored the effects of partly supervised physical exercise program (PSPEP) intervention compared to fully supervised physical exercise program (FSPEP) on cognitive functions, movement proficiency and problematic internet use (PIU) in adolescents presenting combined unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Method: Over a period of 16 weeks the PSPEP group (n = 14) engaged in strength, balance and flexibility exercises three times per week with one supervised session and two unsupervised. The FSPEP group (n = 13) practiced dance activities for 2 to 4 days per week including in training sessions the same exercises as for the PSPEP group. Prior and after the study adolescents completed the PIU scale, performed movement proficiency and cognitive function tests. Results: The PSPEP had significant effect on improvement of stress tolerance (p < 0.01, g = 1.08), while the FSPEP had significant effect on contributing general intelligence (p < 0.05, g = 0.90), color-word interference of the reading speed or color recognition (p < 0.01, g = 1.33), short- and long-term memory (p < 0.01, g = 1.72) and stress tolerance (p < 0.05, g = 1.06). The PSPEP had significant effect on improvement of the bilateral coordination (p < 0.01, g = 1.08). None of the two programs had effect on PIU. Conclusions: Engagement in PSPEP selectively contributed bilateral coordination and cognitive skills related to reaction to multiple stimuli. The FSPEP had multiple significant effects in improvement of cognitive outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Sedentary Behavior and Health)

Review

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11 pages, 371 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exercise Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), Muscular Function, Cardiorespiratory Function, and Body Composition in Smokers: A Narrative Review

by Nduduzo Msizi Shandu, Musa Lewis Mathunjwa, Ina Shaw and Brandon Stuwart Shaw

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(19), 6813; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196813 - 23 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1873

Abstract

Smoking is amongst the leading global threats with high incidences of preventable premature mortality, morbidity, and various chronic diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaims a decrease in the prevalence of daily smoking in both males and females from 1980 to 2012, however, the number of regular smokers since then has exponentially increased. The low socio-income status individuals contribute greatly towards tobacco-attributable diseases due to limited access to healthcare systems, mostly in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Smoking affects the optimal functioning of the human body, which results in altered body system processes. Although a high intake of nicotine can lead to prolonged adherence and dependence on smoking, other factors, such as an individual’s level of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), stress, depression, and anxiety, can produce similar effects. Smoking has a wide impact on lifestyle factors, which explains the increase in the number of sedentary smokers with decreased health fitness levels and poor lifestyle conditions. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the exercise effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), muscular function, cardiorespiratory function, and body composition in smokers. Concurrently, exercise as an intervention has been sourced as a rehabilitation strategy during smoking cessation programmes to restore the diminishing health components, however, a high rate of relapse occurs due to intolerable withdrawal symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Sedentary Behavior and Health)

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