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Ecotoxicological Effects and Mechanisms of Pollutants on Aquatic Systems

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Toxicology and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 8063

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xianling Xiang

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Guest Editor

School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
Interests: population genetic structure; phylogeography; ecotoxicology to evolutionary questions; freshwater zooplankton

Dr. Libin Zhou

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Guest Editor

Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Interests: stoichiometry; food web structure and functioning

Dr. Haoran Zhang

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200050, China
Interests: effects of urbanization on aquatic organisms and their ecosystems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global changes and anthropogenic activities have led to the continuous input of various pollutants into aquatic systems, including nutrients, heavy metals, organic pollutants, nanoparticles, (micro)plastics, etc. These pollutants strongly impair aquatic biota and, therefore, dampen ecosystem functioning, and may further generate strong impacts on human societies as aquatic ecosystems play important roles in sustaining global biodiversity and human populations. A comprehensive understanding of the consequences and the underlying mechanisms of these pollutants is one crucial prerequisite for the development of effective conservation and restoration policies in aquatic systems.

This Special Issue aims to present the most recent developments in understanding the effects and mechanisms of pollutants in aquatic systems; research articles, reviews, and short communications will be accepted. Concerning original articles, we encourage studies that focus on a wide range of organization levels, e.g., from individuals to communities, and that explore the effects of various abiotic pollutants and their underlying mechanisms. In addition, studies with respect to the development of conservation and restoration policies against aquatic pollutants are also welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Xianling Xiang
Dr. Libin Zhou
Dr. Haoran Zhang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

aquatic systems
pollutants
ecotoxicology
aquatic biota
ecosystem functioning

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Research

14 pages, 1181 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inhibitory Effects of Antipsychotic Chlorpromazine on the Survival, Reproduction and Population Growth Other Than Neurotransmitters of Zooplankton in Light of Global Warming

by Sen Feng, Yongzhi Zhang, Fan Gao, Meng Li, Lingyun Zhu, Hao Wen, Yilong Xi and Xianling Xiang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16167; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316167 - 2 Dec 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2123

Abstract

Global warming and environmental pollution have created a unique combination of abiotic and biotic stresses to zooplankton. However, little information is available on the effects of antipsychotic drugs commonly used to treat psychosis, such as chlorpromazine (CPZ), on non-target aquatic organisms in light of global warming. This study investigated how dopamine concentrations (DAC), acute toxicity and chronic toxicity of Brachionus calyciflorus changed in response to CPZ and gradually increasing temperatures. The results showed that the concentration range of rotifer DAC was 1.06~2.51 ng/g. At 18, 25 and 32 °C, the 24 h LC₅₀ was 1.795, 1.242 and 0.833 mg/L, respectively. Compared to the control, exposure to CPZ significantly decreased life expectancy at hatching, the net reproduction rate, generation time, population growth rate and dopamine concentration of B. calyciflorus in all three temperatures (p < 0.05). The toxicity of CPZ to rotifers was increased by high temperature. These findings indicated that CPZ is highly toxic to rotifers, displaying high ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicological Effects and Mechanisms of Pollutants on Aquatic Systems)

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12 pages, 2176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Salicylic Acid on Heavy Metal Resistance in Eukaryotic Algae and Its Mechanisms

by Tingting Zhang, Mei Shi, Hao Yan and Cheng Li

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13415; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013415 - 17 Oct 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2728

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution and water eutrophication are still the main issues to be solved in the environmental field. To find a biological control method for Cd²⁺-contaminated water or combined eutrophication and Cd²⁺ pollution water, the effects of salicylic acid on heavy metal Cd²⁺ resistance in eukaryotic algae Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa and its mechanisms were studied. The results showed that the inhibition rates of 3.0 mg/L Cd²⁺ stress group at 96 h were 67.0% on S. obliquus and 61.4% on C. pyrenoidosa and their uptake of Cd²⁺ was 0.31 mg/g and 0.35 mg/g, respectively. When adding the different concentrations of salicylic acid while stressed by 3.0 mg/L Cd²⁺, the hormesis phenomenon of low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition could be seen, and the inhibition rates of 30 mg/L~90 mg/L salicylic acid addition groups were significantly lower than those of the Cd²⁺ stress group alone, which were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and the absorption of Cd²⁺ was dramatically improved. Except for the 120 mg/L salicylic acid addition group, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and YII), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities of all the other concentration groups were significantly higher than those of the Cd²⁺ stress group alone, p < 0.05.; the algal cell morphology in low concentration groups (30 mg/L and 60 mg/L) was also less damaged than those in the Cd²⁺ stress group alone. These indicate that the low concentrations of salicylic acid can counteract or protect the algal cells from Cd²⁺ attack, the mechanisms, on the one hand, might be related to the chelation of heavy metals by salicylic acid, resulting in the decrease of the toxicity of Cd²⁺; on the other hand, low concentrations of salicylic acid can stimulate the growth of these two algae, improve their photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant capacity, as well as maintain the relative integrity of algal morphological structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicological Effects and Mechanisms of Pollutants on Aquatic Systems)

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16 pages, 3435 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Early-Stage High-Concentration Thiacloprid Exposure Induced Persistent Behavioral Alterations in Zebrafish

by Zhongtang Xie, Guanghua Lu and Yeting Yu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10920; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710920 - 1 Sep 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2481

Abstract

As a major neonicotinoid insecticide, thiacloprid (THCP) is frequently detected in aquatic environments worldwide due to its heavy use, posing potential threats to aquatic organisms. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to THCP (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 μg/L) for 5 days and then recovered in THCP-free water for 20 days to investigate the effects of early-stage THCP exposure on the development, antioxidant defense, and neurotransmitter systems of zebrafish, and explore their recovery mechanism. The results show that THCP exposure induced developmental toxicity and oxidative stress in zebrafish. The hypoactivity, behavioral alterations (decreased avoidance and edge preference behaviors) and neurotoxicity were found throughout the exposure-recovery experiments. THCP exposure altered the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and serotonin (5-HT)-related genes accompanied by the decrease in GABA and 5-HT contents. However, after recovery, GABA content returned to the control level, but 5-HT did not, indicating that only the serotonergic system was persistently disrupted. Overall, our results suggest that the disruption of the serotonergic system and oxidative stress may aggravate neurotoxicity and that the former was the main reason for the depressive-like behavior. This study could help to unravel the mechanisms of the behavioral alterations induced by early-stage THCP exposure in zebrafish. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicological Effects and Mechanisms of Pollutants on Aquatic Systems)

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