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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Sport and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 February 2023) | Viewed by 18305

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Pascal Edouard

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Guest Editor

1. Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
2. Sports Medicine Unity, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, CEDEX 2, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
Interests: prevention of injuries in athletics and prevention of hamstring injuries; injury epidemiology; sports medicine (specifically traumatology and re-athletic training); biomechanics of sprinting; interventional analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sport, as with any physical activity, has important benefits for health at the physical, psychological and societal levels. However, sports-related injuries are negative consequences of sports that can impair such benefits and require rehabilitation to allow for a return to sports and to reduce the risk of recurrence. In addition, sports-related injuries are associated with lower sports performance. Consequently, to reduce the occurrence of sports-related injuries and to improve recovery and help the return to sports is a major challenge for athletes and all stakeholders concerning them. Although many efforts have been made over several years to overcome this challenge, sports-related injuries continue to be a problem. Knowledge should continue to be improved on these topics, which include but are not limited to, information on sports-related injury epidemiology, risk factors, mechanisms, rehabilitation, risk reduction and management, with a multifactorial approach to meet the multifactorial nature of sports-related injuries. Papers addressing these topics are invited for this Special Issue, especially those combining a high academic standard coupled with a practical focus on sports injury prevention and musculoskeletal rehabilitation.

Prof. Dr. Pascal Edouard
Guest Editor

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Keywords

sports injury prevention
injury risk reduction
injury risk management
epidemiology
intervention
risk factors
biomechanics
sports rehabilitation
multifactorial approach
health protection.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 1405 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis Does Not Elicit Temperature Changes: An In Vitro Cadaveric Study

by Sergio Borrella-Andrés, Miguel Malo-Urriés, Albert Pérez-Bellmunt, José L. Arias-Buría, Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz, María Isabel Albarova-Corral, Vanessa González-Rueda, Gracia M. Gallego-Sendarrubias, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas and Carlos López-de-Celis

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15738; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315738 - 26 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2108

Abstract

Percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) consists of the ultrasound-guided application of a galvanic electrical current through a solid filament needle. One proposed therapeutic mechanism for this intervention is a potential thermal effect. The aim of this study was to investigate if the application of PNE induces changes in temperature in different cadaveric musculoskeletal tissues. A repeated measure experimental cadaveric study was designed with 10 cryopreserved knees (5 men, 5 women). Sterile stainless-steel needles of 40 mm length and 0.30 mm caliber were used in this study. An ultrasound-guided needling puncture was performed in the targeted tissue (patellar tendon, infra-patellar fat, and vastus medialis muscle). Additionally, the tip of the needle was placed next to the thermometer sensor at the minimum possible distance without direct contact with it. The temperature differences before and after different applications were measured. The applications were: three applications for 3 s of 3 mA of intensity (3:3:3) when the tendon was the targeted tissue, three applications for 3 s of 1.5 mA of intensity (1.5:3:3) when the fat or muscle was the targeted tissue, and 24 s of 1 mA of intensity (1:24:1) in all tissues. No statistically significant Group*Time interactions were found in any tissue (tendon: F = 0.571, p = 0.459, ŋ² = 0.03; fat pad: F = 0.093; p = 0.764, ŋ² = 0.01; muscle: F = 0.681; p = 0.420, ŋ² = 0.04). Overall, no changes in temperature were observed between both applications in the tendon (3:3:3 vs. 1:24:1) and fat/muscle (1.5:3:3 vs. 1:24:1) tissues. The application of two different percutaneous needle electrolysis protocols did not produce appreciable thermal changes in the tendon, fat, and muscle tissues of human cadavers. The results from the current cadaver study support that a thermal effect should not be considered as a mechanism of clinical action regardless of the targeted human tissue when applying percutaneous needle electrolysis since no changes in temperature after its application were observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation)

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15 pages, 1543 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting the Clean Movement Technique in Crossfit^® Athletes Using an Optimal Upper-Limb Range of Motion: A Prospective Cohort Study

by Antonio Cejudo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12985; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912985 - 10 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5698

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal upper-limb range of motion (ROM) profile for the catch phase of the clean movement (CPCM) and to identify the key ROMs for performing the CPCM in CrossFit^® athletes. Methods: A prospective cohort study of twenty CrossFit^® athletes aged 20–36 years was conducted. Data were collected regarding age, anthropometrics, CrossFit^® training experience and upper-limb ROM. The ROM was measured using the ROM-SPORT method. After 7 months, athletes performed a clean movement with a load of 80% one repetition maximum. A Bayesian Student’s t-analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis were performed. Results: The optimal upper-limb ROM profile that predicted correct CPCM performance was 78° in shoulder extension, 173° in shoulder flexion, 107° in shoulder external rotation, 89° in shoulder internal rotation, 153° in elbow flexion, 99° in elbow pronation and 92° in wrist extension (area under the curve ≥ 651; positive predictive value ≥ 80%). Shoulder external rotation, elbow pronation and wrist extension were found to be the most important ROMs for the efficient and safe performance of CPCM (area under the curve ≥ 854; positive predictive value ≥ 85.7%). Conclusion: The upper-limb ROM profile is associated with proper clean performance. Further studies are warranted to determine whether improving flexibility on upper-limb ROM may improve proper clean movement performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation)

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14 pages, 1204 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hamstring Muscle Injuries and Hamstring Specific Training in Elite Athletics (Track and Field) Athletes

by Pascal Edouard, Noel Pollock, Kenny Guex, Shane Kelly, Caroline Prince, Laurent Navarro, Pedro Branco, Frédéric Depiesse, Vincent Gremeaux and Karsten Hollander

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10992; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710992 - 2 Sep 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5813

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to describe hamstring muscle injury (HMI) history and hamstring specific training (HST) in elite athletes. A secondary aim was to analyse the potential factors associated with in-championships HMI. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study to collect data before and during the 2018 European Athletics Championships. Injury and illness complaints during the month before the championship, HMI history during the entire career and the 2017–18 season, HST (strengthening, stretching, core stability, sprinting), and in-championship HMI were recorded. We calculated proportions of athletes with HMI history, we compared HST according to sex and disciplines with Chi2 tests or ANOVA, and analysed factors associated with in-championship HMI using simple model logistic regression. Results: Among the 357 included athletes, 48% reported at least one HMI during their career and 24% during the 2017–18 season. Of this latter group, 30.6% reported reduced or no participation in athletics’ training or competition at the start of the championship due to the hamstring injury. For HST, higher volumes of hamstring stretching and sprinting were reported for disciplines requiring higher running velocities (i.e., sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events and middle distances). Five in-championship HMIs were recorded. The simple model analysis showed a lower risk of sustaining an in-championships HMI for athletes who performed more core (lumbo-pelvic) stability training (OR = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.25 to 0.89), p = 0.021). Conclusions: Our present study reports that HMI is a characteristic of the athletics athletes’ career, especially in disciplines involving sprinting. In these disciplines, athletes were performing higher volumes of hamstring stretching and sprinting than in other disciplines. Further studies should be conducted to better understand if and how HST are protective approaches for HMI in order to improve HMI risk reduction strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation)

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15 pages, 876 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of an Unsupervised Exercises-Based Athletics Injury Prevention Programme on Injury Complaints Leading to Participation Restriction in Athletics: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial

by Pascal Edouard, Kathrin Steffen, Marie Peuriere, Pierre Gardet, Laurent Navarro and David Blanco

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11334; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111334 - 28 Oct 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3779

Abstract

Objective: To test the efficacy of the Athletics Injury Prevention Programme (AIPP) to reduce the percentage of athletes presenting at least one injury complaint leading to participation restriction (ICPR) over an athletics season. Methods: During the 2017–2018 athletics season, we included in this cluster randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03307434) 840 athletes randomly assigned (randomisation unit: athletic clubs) to a control group (regular training) or to an intervention group (regular training plus the AIPP 2/week). Using a weekly online questionnaire, athletes reported the ICPR, training and competition exposures, and, for the intervention group, the compliance with the AIPP. The primary outcome was the percentage of athletes presenting at least one ICPR over the study follow-up. Results: A total of 449 and 391 athletes were included in the intervention and control groups, respectively. From them, 68 (15.1%) and 100 (25.6%) athletes, respectively, provided 100% of the requested information during the follow-up (39 weeks). A total of 6 (8.8%) performed the AIPP 2/week or more. The proportion of athletes who had at least one ICPR over the follow-up period was similar in the intervention (64.7%) and control groups (65.0%), with adjusted odds ratios: 0.81 (95% CI 0.36 to 1.85). There were no between-group differences when comparing separately the subgroups corresponding with the different compliance levels. Conclusion: This cluster randomised controlled trial reported no efficacy of the AIPP. However, the overall response proportion and the compliance with the AIPP in the intervention group were low. In individual sports especially, efforts should be first made to improve the implementation and adoption of interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation)

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