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Horticulturae
Special Issues
Advances in Orchid Physiology, Micropropagation, Breeding and Genomics
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Advances in Orchid Physiology, Micropropagation, Breeding and Genomics

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Floriculture, Nursery and Landscape, and Turf".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 11128

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Fure Chyi Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
Interests: orchids; biotechnology; breeding; genetics; micropropagation; mutant characterization; genetic transformation; tropical ornamentals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jian-Zhi Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
Interests: orchid biotechnology; plant micropropagation; precision breeding technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are over 880 genera and more than 25,000 species of orchids in the world according to the famous taxonomist Dr. R. Dressler. Many orchids have been produced on a commercial scale, either as potted plants, cut flowers, or for medicinal or foliage plant uses. Some orchids, such as nobile-type Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis, can be produced year round due to their response to low temperature for spike induction. Cultivation of these orchids of high quality is usually under environmentally controlled greenhouse or net houses, etc. Thus, cultivation, fertigation, flower induction and related physiological aspects are rather important in flower management to produce high-quality pot plants or cut flowers. The flour or the salep made from the tubers of Orchis genus is used to make Turkey ice cream. Many other minor orchids are produced on a small scale for trade. Some endangered orchid species also concern the issue of nature conservation.

To better manage efficient production of orchid plants, genetic studies aimed at assisting breeding and physiological investigation of all stages of orchid production, such as young plant propagation, fertigation, flower induction, and postharvest handling have been actively performed by many scientists from all over the world. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics, and even gene editing are being added to orchid research with the purpose of improving specific traits predictably and efficiently. The aim of this Special Issue is to address the recent progress of all aspects of orchid breeding and production, genomics and gene editing, micropropagation and somaclonal variegation, and also other not mentioned topics related to orchids, so as to help increase production efficiency, ornamental values, and possibly to help conservation.

Prof. Dr. Fure Chyi Chen
Prof. Dr. Jian-Zhi Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • breeding
  • conservation
  • mineral nutrition
  • physiology
  • micropropagation
  • genomics
  • transcriptomics
  • molecular markers
  • genetic transformation
  • gene editing

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 5862 KiB  
Article
Nitrogen Uptake and Translocation in Vanda Orchid after Roots and Leaves Application of Different Forms 15N Tracer
by Kanokwan Panjama, Chaiartid Inkham, Takashi Sato, Takuji Ohyama, Norikuni Ohtake and Soraya Ruamrungsri
Horticulturae 2022, 8(10), 902; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100902 - 01 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1978
Abstract
Vanda is an economically important orchid that is widely produced in Thailand. Usually, growers apply large amounts of fertilizer throughout the plant, covering the leaves and roots to ensure good quality products. Nitrogen fertilizer, in terms of ammonium (NH4+) and [...] Read more.
Vanda is an economically important orchid that is widely produced in Thailand. Usually, growers apply large amounts of fertilizer throughout the plant, covering the leaves and roots to ensure good quality products. Nitrogen fertilizer, in terms of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−), is generally used as an N source. In addition, nitrogen organic fertilizer (glutamine) is increasingly being used to promote rapid growth in some plants. However, the absorption efficiency of organic N compared with the inorganic form (NH4+ and NO3−) via the roots or leaves of Vanda has not been evaluated. Therefore, this research aimed to compare the fate of organic N (in glutamine form) and inorganic N in Vanda using a 15N tracer. Vanda ‘Patchara Delight’ was grown in a plastic greenhouse under a 50% shading net at an average temperature of 25 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH). The plants were sprayed weekly via roots or leaves with 100 mL of 15N solution, 2.5 mM 15NO3− + 2.5 mM NH4+ (N1), 2.5 mM NO3− + 2.5 mM 15NH4+ (N2), and 2.5 mM glutamine (15N2)(N3) for 4 weeks. The plants were then sampled and separated into leaves and roots, and 15N abundance was analyzed using an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer or IRMS. The plants that received only glutamine via roots showed the highest 15N use efficiency (15NUE) of about 28.19% at 30 days after the first feeding (DAF), whereas 15NH4+ resulted in the lowest 15NUE among 15N sources. Regardless of the application site, plants supplied with 15NH4+ showed a lower labeled N concentration and labeled N content in stems and leaves than those fed with a combination of 15NO3− or a sole application of 15N-glutamine. The largest labeled N concentrations in stems, leaves and roots were found in plants supplied with sole glutamine via roots. At 30 DAF, 15N solution either combined with 15NO3− or solitary 15N-glutamine did not affect the labeled N concentration in leaves. Therefore, supplying organic N in glutamine form to Vanda can provide a 4–7% higher NUE than inorganic N, especially when supplying the solution to the roots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orchid Physiology, Micropropagation, Breeding and Genomics)
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10 pages, 2200 KiB  
Article
Shoot Development through Modified Transverse Thin Cell Layer (tTCL) Culture of Phalaenopsis Hybrid Protocorms
by Kuo-Chin Lo, Jualang Azlan Gansau, Chia-Hung Shih and Chien-Yuan Kao
Horticulturae 2022, 8(3), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030206 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2472
Abstract
This first-attempt study used microtome-based methods to generate a thin cell layer culture for the micropropagation of Phal. Hwafeng Redjewel × Phal. New Cinderella. Protocorms were embedded in various agarose concentrations (8–12%, w/v) and dried from 1 to 8 h [...] Read more.
This first-attempt study used microtome-based methods to generate a thin cell layer culture for the micropropagation of Phal. Hwafeng Redjewel × Phal. New Cinderella. Protocorms were embedded in various agarose concentrations (8–12%, w/v) and dried from 1 to 8 h before sectioning with a microtome. Optimal conditions for slicing sections of 100 to 300 μm were achieved when the protocorms were embedded at 10% (w/v) agarose and dried for 4 h under laminar flow, and the hardness of the agarose block under these conditions reached 641.8 ± 9.5 g·cm−2. The sectioned protocorms that were cultured on an MS medium supplemented with 1.2 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg·L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid were capable of growth and differentiated through the neoformation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and/or callus before subsequent regeneration into plantlets and development into healthy plants in a nursery environment. The results of this study demonstrate that microtome-based tTCL is a reliable and promising approach for mass propagation and possible virus-free propagation objectives for Phalaenopsis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orchid Physiology, Micropropagation, Breeding and Genomics)
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10 pages, 1779 KiB  
Article
Establishment of In Vitro Regeneration Protocol for Sabah’s Jewel Orchid, Macodes limii J.J. Wood & A.L. Lamb
by Devina David, Nor Azizun Rusdi, Ruzaidi Azli Mohd Mokhtar, Ainol Azifa Mohd Faik and Jualang Azlan Gansau
Horticulturae 2022, 8(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020155 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2557
Abstract
Habitat disturbance and excessive collection of wild orchids from their natural habitat have threatened many orchids species at risk of extinction. In this study, the in vitro regeneration protocol for Macodes limii, a jewel orchid endemic to Sabah was established. The effects [...] Read more.
Habitat disturbance and excessive collection of wild orchids from their natural habitat have threatened many orchids species at risk of extinction. In this study, the in vitro regeneration protocol for Macodes limii, a jewel orchid endemic to Sabah was established. The effects of explant source and plant growth regulators (PGRs) including naphthaleneacetic acid, picloram, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin, and thidiazuron on the in vitro regeneration capacity of M. limii plantlets were examined. Both factors showed a significant interaction in promoting axillary shoot formation. Nodal explants from the third and fourth positions cultured with 1.0 mg/L TDZ, induced 95% of shoot regeneration, with an average of three shoots/explant (1.6–1.8 cm of shoot length) after 90 days of culture. The well-developed plantlets went through an acclimatization phase for 60 days with a 60% of survival rate. An inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis confirmed the genetic stability of the in vitro regenerated plants to the mother plant. The successfully acclimatized plantlets were finally transferred to Poring Orchid Conservation Centre for reintroduction. The established protocol provides the means for large-scale production of this endemic jewel orchid, as well as a basis for further research aimed at the conservation and genetic improvement of this plant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orchid Physiology, Micropropagation, Breeding and Genomics)
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13 pages, 1125 KiB  
Article
An Improved Protocol for Asymbiotic Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Paphiopedilum tigrinum
by Linling Yao, Jialin Huang and Shibao Zhang
Horticulturae 2021, 7(9), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090298 - 09 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2780
Abstract
Paphiopedilum tigrinum is an endangered orchid with high ornamental value. However, seed germination and seedling regeneration in P. tigrinum is very difficult in vitro. Little is known about why P. tigrinum seedlings are difficult to propagate or how to improve the seed germination [...] Read more.
Paphiopedilum tigrinum is an endangered orchid with high ornamental value. However, seed germination and seedling regeneration in P. tigrinum is very difficult in vitro. Little is known about why P. tigrinum seedlings are difficult to propagate or how to improve the seed germination and seedling rates of this species. In this study, we investigated the developmental process of P. tigrinum from asymbiotic seed germination to seedling rooting by comparing it with P. appletoniantum, a much easier species for germination and seedling formation. We found that asymbiotic seed germination in P. tigrinum is limited by severe browning of the protocorm at the seed germination stage, and protocorm rooting at the differentiation stage was also proved to be difficult. The optimal medium for seed germination of P. tigrinum was a modified Harvais (mHa) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L−1 kinetin (Kin), 0.1 g·L−1 activated charcoal (AC) and 100 mL·L−1 coconut water (CW). At the protocorm differentiation stage, seedlings with 1–2 leaves were obtained on a 1/4 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurin (BA), 0.3 g·L−1 AC and 50–100 mL·L−1 CW after culturing for 120 day. At the seedling subculture stage, a 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.5–1.5 g·L−1 AC and 100 mL·L−1 CW was better for leaf and root growth of P. tigrinum. At the rooting stage, a 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 g·L−1 AC, 0.5 g·L−1 dolomite flour, 15 g·L−1 potato homogenate and 30 g·L−1 banana homogenate was most suitable for the growth and rooting of seedlings. This study has established an effective protocol for seed germination and seedling regeneration of P. tigrinum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orchid Physiology, Micropropagation, Breeding and Genomics)
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