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Gas Emissions from Combustion Sources
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Gas Emissions from Combustion Sources

A special issue of Gases (ISSN 2673-5628).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 5733

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cinzia Tornatore

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS-CNR), Italian National Research Council, via Marconi, 4-80125 Napoli, Italy
Interests: internal combustion engines; emissions; combustion; optical diagnostics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrea De Filippo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, University Federico II of Naples, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Interests: atmospheric pollution; aftertreatment systems; automotive emissions; data analysis and statistics; COVID-19 impact on pollution

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Air pollutants are produced by multiple sources of both anthropogenic and natural origin. Among these sources, the one that often receives media attention is the combustion of fuels in stationary and non-stationary systems.

According to the definition provided by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources are devices that combust solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel, generally for the purposes of producing electricity, generating steam, or providing useful heat or energy for industrial, commercial, or institutional use, or reducing the volume of waste by removing combustible matter. Stationary fuel combustion sources also include systems for domestic use. In the last few decades, increasing attention has been paid to this kind of pollutant source and some government benefits have been used to promote the transition to more sustainable systems.

Non-stationary combustion systems producing air pollutants can be identified in the transport sector and off road. According to European Environment Agency (EEA), emissions of air pollutants have decreased for all transport modes since 1990, thanks to introduction of progressively stricter emissions standards and fuel quality standards. On the other side, for shipping and aviation this reduction is not evident. In particular, many concerns are related to nitrogen oxide emissions for ships while, for aviation, emissions of all pollutants have increased, except non-methane volatile organic compounds.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect original and review articles on all aspects of research on “Gas Emissions from Combustion Sources” with the purpose of identifying the most relevant sources of air pollution and investigating new solutions for a cleaner environment.

The topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Emissions from internal combustion engines
  • Emissions from stationary combustion systems
  • Emissions from power generators
  • Solutions for the optimization of combustion
  • Solutions for the reductions of pollutants emissions from combustion sources
  • Effects of COVID-19 and related lifestyle on gas emissions from combustion sources
  • Spatial and temporal variations of emissions from combustion sources

Dr. Cinzia Tornatore
Dr. Andrea De Filippo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Gases is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air pollutants
  • gas emissions
  • combustion emissions
  • transport sector pollution
  • pollutants emission control
  • emission reduction strategies
 

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2306 KiB  
Article
Diagnosis of GHG Emissions in an Offshore Oil and Gas Production Facility
by Victor Leonardo Acevedo Blanco and Waldyr Luiz Ribeiro Gallo
Gases 2024, 4(4), 351-370; https://doi.org/10.3390/gases4040020 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 910
Abstract
This work presents a diagnosis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) platforms for oil and gas production offshore, using calculation methodologies from the American Petroleum Institute (API) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). To carry out this [...] Read more.
This work presents a diagnosis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) platforms for oil and gas production offshore, using calculation methodologies from the American Petroleum Institute (API) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). To carry out this analysis, design data of an FPSO platform is used for the GHG emissions estimation, considering operations under steady conditions and oil and gas processing system simulations in the Aspen HYSYS® software. The main direct emission sources of GHG are identified, including the main combustion processes (gas turbines for electric generation and gas turbine-driven CO2 compressors), flaring and venting, as well as fugitive emissions. The study assesses a high CO2 content in molar composition of the associated gas, an important factor that is considered in estimating fugitive emissions during the processes of primary separation and main gas compression. The resulting information indicates that, on average, 95% of total emissions are produced by combustion sources. In the latest production stages of the oil and gas field, it consumes 2 times more energy and emits 2.3 times CO2 in terms of produced hydrocarbons. This diagnosis provides a baseline and starting point for the implementation of energy efficiency measures and/or carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies on the FPSO in order to reduce CO2 and CH4 emissions, as well as identify the major sources of emissions in the production process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions from Combustion Sources)
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14 pages, 2521 KiB  
Article
Experimental Optimization of Natural Gas Injection Timing in a Dual-Fuel Marine Engine to Minimize GHG Emissions
by Luigi De Simio, Luca Marchitto, Sabato Iannaccone, Vincenzo Pennino and Nunzio Altieri
Gases 2024, 4(3), 191-204; https://doi.org/10.3390/gases4030011 - 16 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1053
Abstract
Phased injection of natural gas into internal combustion marine engines is a promising solution for optimizing performance and reducing harmful emissions, particularly unburned methane, a potent greenhouse gas. This innovative practice distinguishes itself from continuous injection because it allows for more precise control [...] Read more.
Phased injection of natural gas into internal combustion marine engines is a promising solution for optimizing performance and reducing harmful emissions, particularly unburned methane, a potent greenhouse gas. This innovative practice distinguishes itself from continuous injection because it allows for more precise control of the combustion process with only a slight increase in system complexity. By synchronizing the injection of natural gas with the intake and exhaust valve opening and closing times while also considering the gas path in the manifolds, methane release into the atmosphere is significantly reduced, making a substantial contribution to efforts to address climate change. Moreover, phased injection improves the efficiency of marine engines, resulting in reduced overall fuel consumption, lower fuel costs, and increased ship autonomy. This technology was tested on a single-cylinder, large-bore, four-stroke research engine designed for marine applications, operating in dual-fuel mode with diesel and natural gas. Performance was compared with that of the conventional continuous feeding method. Evaluation of the effect on equivalent CO2 emissions indicates a potential reduction of up to approximately 20%. This reduction effectively brings greenhouse gas emissions below those of the diesel baseline case, especially when injection control is combined with supercharging control to optimize the air–fuel ratio. In this context, the boost pressure in DF was reduced from 3 to 1.5 bar compared with the FD case. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions from Combustion Sources)
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14 pages, 6985 KiB  
Article
Influence of Hydrogen on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Ammonia Direct Injection Engine
by Cheolwoong Park, Yonghun Jang, Seonyeob Kim, Yongrae Kim and Young Choi
Gases 2023, 3(4), 144-157; https://doi.org/10.3390/gases3040010 - 16 Oct 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2008
Abstract
Because ammonia is easier to store and transport over long distances than hydrogen, it is a promising research direction as a potential carrier for hydrogen. However, its low ignition and combustion rates pose challenges for running conventional ignition engines solely on ammonia fuel [...] Read more.
Because ammonia is easier to store and transport over long distances than hydrogen, it is a promising research direction as a potential carrier for hydrogen. However, its low ignition and combustion rates pose challenges for running conventional ignition engines solely on ammonia fuel over the entire operational range. In this study, we attempted to identify a stable engine combustion zone using a high-pressure direct injection of ammonia fuel into a 2.5 L spark ignition engine and examined the potential for extending the operational range by adding hydrogen. As it is difficult to secure combustion stability in a low-temperature atmosphere, the experiment was conducted in a sufficiently-warmed atmosphere (90 ± 2.5 °C), and the combustion, emission, and efficiency results under each operating condition were experimentally compared. At 1500 rpm, the addition of 10% hydrogen resulted in a notable 20.26% surge in the maximum torque, reaching 263.5 Nm, in contrast with the case where only ammonia fuel was used. Furthermore, combustion stability was ensured at a torque of 140 Nm by reducing the fuel and air flow rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions from Combustion Sources)
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