Food Innovation for Dysphagia: Developing Nutritious and Acceptable Texture-Modified Diets for Older Adults

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 1946

Special Issue Editors


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Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: food safety; nutrition; bioactive components; microorganisms; food analysis; food rheology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: water quality; organic contaminants; disinfection by-products; pharmaceuticals; microplastics; chromatography; mass spectrometry; materials in contact with drinking water
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global increase in aging populations is accompanied by a rising prevalence of nutrition-related health concerns, particularly malnutrition, dehydration, and feeding difficulties. Dysphagia, which significantly affects swallowing ability, is especially relevant in geriatric care, as it compromises both safety and quality of life. Texture-modified diets (TMDs) remain a central strategy for managing dysphagia, helping to prevent aspiration and ensure safer mealtimes. Yet, their implementation poses multiple challenges, including issues of sensory characteristics and acceptance, nutritional adequacy, hydration, long-term adherence, caregiver burden, and barriers to clinical application.

With this Special Issue, we aim to advance the field of food science applied to aging populations by focusing on the development, processing, and optimization of TMDs for individuals with dysphagia. We will place particular emphasis on innovations in formulation, nutrient retention, sensory quality, and shelf stability, showcasing how food technology can directly improve the safety, nutritional adequacy, and acceptability of adapted diets. At the same time, we seek to highlight sustainability and cost-effectiveness in the production of dysphagia-friendly foods, ensuring that solutions are not only scientifically rigorous but also scalable and accessible.

Our goal is to gather multidisciplinary contributions from food science, nutrition, sensory research, clinical practice, and product development, while also addressing the psychosocial and health-related impacts of improved food design. Ultimately, this Special Issue provides a platform to bridge technological innovation with practical application, offering evidence-based strategies that enhance nutritional care, support caregivers, and promote healthier aging and quality of life for older adults worldwide.

The proposed topics are as follows:

  1. Food Innovation in Texture-Modified Diets (TMDs);
  2. Nutritional Quality and Functional Attributes of TMDs;
  3. Sensory Optimization and Consumer Acceptance;
  4. Food Technology Solutions for Practical Implementation;
  5. Sustainability and Cost-Effectiveness in Adapted Food Production;
  6. Interdisciplinary Perspectives Linking Food Science and Geriatric Nutrition.

Prof. Dr. Lídia Pinheiro
Prof. Dr. Cristina Almeida
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • foods
  • texture-modified diets
  • nutrition
  • dysphagia
  • geriatrics
  • caregivers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 378 KB  
Article
Making Mealtime Easier: Nutrition and Texture in Foods for the Elderly with Swallowing Difficulties in Formal and Informal Care
by Cristina M. M. Almeida, Juliana Beltrame, Joana Marto and Lídia Pinheiro
Foods 2026, 15(4), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15040708 - 14 Feb 2026
Viewed by 704
Abstract
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a significant issue that impacts 10% to 33% of the elderly population and can lead to serious complications such as aspiration, malnutrition, and weight loss. To overcome these obstacles, there is a critical need for comprehensive rheological data [...] Read more.
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a significant issue that impacts 10% to 33% of the elderly population and can lead to serious complications such as aspiration, malnutrition, and weight loss. To overcome these obstacles, there is a critical need for comprehensive rheological data and detailed information on food texture, specifically designed to align with local eating habits and cooking methods. This study aims to develop tables of rheological properties for foods commonly consumed by older adults in Portugal. Additionally, it will assess the impact of water quality on these properties during the cooking process. Based on this data, we will develop texture-modified diets that meet the nutritional needs of elderly dysphagic patients, ensuring they are safe, palatable, and practical for everyday care settings. Full article
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17 pages, 1935 KB  
Article
The Impact of Rheological Characteristics on the Swallowing Dynamics of Xanthan Gum-Based Thickeners
by Yuki Hayakawa, Jumpei Okawa, Yuzuki Izumi, Rikako Sato, Satomi Kawakami, Hirofumi Sonoki, Kazuhiro Miyaji, Takahiro Ono and Kazuhiro Hori
Foods 2026, 15(3), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15030461 - 28 Jan 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 803
Abstract
Xanthan gum-based thickeners are commonly used to treat dysphagic patients. Their rheological properties, such as shear-thinning, extension, and thixotropy, contribute to swallowing safety. However, the influence of rheological variations on swallowing dynamics remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of variations in the [...] Read more.
Xanthan gum-based thickeners are commonly used to treat dysphagic patients. Their rheological properties, such as shear-thinning, extension, and thixotropy, contribute to swallowing safety. However, the influence of rheological variations on swallowing dynamics remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of variations in the rheological properties of xanthan gum-based thickeners on swallowing dynamics, specifically tongue pressure, suprahyoid muscle activity, and swallowing sounds. Shear rheology, extensional viscosity, and 3-interval thixotropy tests were conducted on three commercial thickener solutions standardized to a 400 mPa·s viscosity at a 50 s−1 shear rate. Twenty healthy volunteers (11 females, 24.6 ± 2.4 years) participated in this study, during which tongue pressure, suprahyoid muscle activity, and swallowing sounds were measured while swallowing 15 mL samples. The first thickener exhibited reduced shear viscosity at 300 s−1, higher thixotropy, and shorter swallowing sound duration, suggesting a shortened pharyngeal transit time. The second showed prolonged filament breakage time and higher tongue pressure in the posterior-median region of the palate, leading to increased tongue activity during swallowing. The third exhibited lower extensional viscosity, different muscle activity than the second, and longer duration of swallowing sound than the first. These results suggest that rheological property variations in xanthan gum-based thickeners influence swallowing dynamics in healthy individuals. Full article
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